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"Archimedes' screw" was a tilted cylinder with an interior spiral groove which, when cranked, moved water from a lower elevation to a higher one, since the water was always running "downhill" within the grooves even as the groves themselves were moving the water higher. The invention was attributed to Archimedes, the great Greek scientist/mathematician of the 2nd Century B.C., but seems to date back further, to the reign of the Assyrian king Sennacherib in the 7th Century B.C.

This was likely the first manual pump.

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