mitch miller
A standard symphony orchestra can tune to three different members: the principal oboe, the concertmaster, or the solo pianist. The oboist is used to tune whenever there is an oboe in the orchestra, the concertmaster is used whenever there isn't an oboe, and the pianist/keyboardist will play the tuning note if he or she is the soloist for the evening.
It is generally believed that the oboe is used as the pitch source to tune the orchestra because, of all the instruments, the oboe has the least ability to be varied. In this way of thinking, the oboist makes their reeds and strives to be able to play in tune, and since they can't be adjusted, whatever the oboist comes up with is what everyone has to accept and adjust to. There may be some truth to this legend. On the other hand, the oboe actually has a fairly large range of variability if the reed is well made and the oboist is professional-grade. (Consider this: If oboes were so impossible to tune, how could a Berlioz symphony employ four of them?) In actual fact, today, most orchestra musicians are already well-tuned to electronic tuners before the oboist sounds the first note, and the oboe-note/tuneup session is more for show than for real tuning.
Lothar Koch - oboist - was born in 1935.
Lothar Koch - oboist - died in 2003.
Jonathan Kelly - oboist - was born in 1969.
Typically two oboists play in the orchestra; with the 2nd oboist doubling on English horn when needed. Some larger professional Symphony Orchestras (like the Chicago Symphony Orchestra). Have a dedicated English hornist, that can double second oboe, or play the rare third oboe part in a pinch.
John de Lancie - oboist - died in 2002.
John de Lancie - oboist - was born in 1921.
Traditionally, the Concertmaster (usually the first chair violinist) tunes his violin to a known standard pitch like A-440 and then the other orchestral instruments tune to his or her pitch. Sometimes, an oboist provides the pitch tone for tuning. The oboe is used more frequently because its sound penetrates easier to all players of the orchestra.
An Oboist or woodwind instumentalist
A musician who plays the oboe is an oboist.
Right before a performance, they tune their instruments. Usually the concertmaster (1st Chair Violinist) plays A-440, and then a oboist plays the note and the rest of the orchestra tunes to that instrument. The oboe is used because its sound is unique and can be heard better than the violin tone. A-440 (concert A) is sometimes varied a couple cents sharp by some conductors, which is their prerogative to do so. Some go as high as A-446, which produces a much brighter sound.