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From 1699 until 1765, Louisiana was a French colony. It adopted laws similar to those of other Caribbean French colonies, particularly that of Saint-Domingue (later Haiti). When the Spanish took over effective control of Louisiana in 1769, they modified the French Code Noir, and made it more liberal in the direction of the Spanish Laws of the Indies. These permitted coartacion or self-purchase by a slave, resulting in a rapidly rising population of free people of color in Louisiana by the American purchase in 1803. At that time the population was still largely French Creole, so the civil law codes of the colonial administratins remained in place until gradually whittled away by Anglo-Americans.

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