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Most of South America consisted of colonies of Spain, or had Spanish settlements, after the Spanish explorations and conquests that began in 1492.

Central and South America are referred to as "Latin America" because of the Romance languages introduced there (Spanish, Portuguese, and French. In most cases, Catholicism also accompanied these European conquests.

Brazil was settled by the Portuguese under the Treaty of Tordesillas (1494), and the three Guianas were colonies of England, France, and the Netherlands.

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Where is Spanish spoken as a first language?

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