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What does the ancient Roman instrument called a tibia look like?
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∙ 14y ago
TIBIA (ai/Afo), a pipe, the commonest musical instrument of the Greeks and Romans. It was very frequently a hollow cane perforated with holes in the proper places. (Plin. H. N. xvi. 36. s. 66 ; A then. iv. p. 182.) In other instances it was made of some kind of wood, especially box, and was bored with a gimblet (terebrato buoco,Ovid. Fast. vi. 697). The Phoenicians used a pipe, called gingntS) or avXbs yiyypaivos., which did not exceed a span in length, and was made of a small reed or straw. (Athen. iv. p. 174, f; Festus, s.r. Gingriator.) The use of the same variety in Egypt is proved by specimens in the British Museum, which were discovered in an Egyptian tomb.
Whon a single pipe was used by itself, the per former upon it, as well as the instrument, was called monaulos. (Mart. xiv. 64 ; /xt^auAos1, Brunck, Anal. i. 484.) Thus used, it was much in fashion at Alexandria. (Athen. iv. p. 174, b.) When its size became considerable, and it was both strengthened and adorned by the addition of metallic or ivory rings (Hor. Art. Poet.202-205; Propert. iv. 6. 8), it must have been comparable to the flageolet, or even to the clarionet of modern times. Among the varieties of the single pipe the most remarkable were the bag-pipe, the performer on which was called utricularius (Sueton. Nero, 54) or acrKauA^s (Onomast.} ; and the auA^yTr\dyio? or ir\ayiav\os (Theocrit. xx. 29 ; Longus, i. 2 ; Heliodor. Aethiop. v. ; Aelian, //. A.vi. 19 ; Eustath. in Horn. II. xviii. 495), which, as its name implies, had a mouth-piece inserted into it at right angles. Its form is shown'in a restored terminal statue of Pan in the Townley collection of the British Museum. Pan was the reputed inventor of this kind of tibia (Bion, iii. 7) as well as of the fistula or syrinx.
But among the Greeks and Romans it was much more usual to play on two pipes at the same time. Hence a performance on this instrument (tibiciniiim, Gellius, iv. 13), even when executed by a single person, was calledcanereor cantare tibiis. (Gellius, N. A. xv. 17'; Corn, Nepos, xv. 2. § 1.) This act is exhibited in very numerous works of ancient art, and often in such a way as to make it manifest that the two pipes were perfectly distinct, and not connected, as some have supposed, by a common mouth-piece. We see this more especially in two beautiful paintings, which were found at Resina and Civita Vecchia, and which represent Marsyas teaching the young Olympus to play on the double pipe. (Ant. d' Ercolano, i. tav. 9, iii. tav. 19 ; compare Pans. x. 30. § 5.) The tibiae pares in the British Museum, which were found with a lyre in a tomb at Athens, appear to be of cedar. Their length is about 15 inches. Each of them had a separate mouth-piece (y\uxr(ris), and besides the hole at the end it has five holes along the top and one underneath.
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In theatre organ terminology what is the meaning of Ranks and what it the meaning of divisionals?
"Ranks" in pipe organ terminology, whether theatre/cinema organs or concert/church organs, are individual sets or rows of pipes operated by a single control known as a STOP. A rank can be anything from a few pipes to more than 100. Organs may have only 1 rank of pipes - a practice instrument in a house, perhaps. A large cathedral or concert organ might have more than a hundred ranks of pipes. The largest pipe organ in the world has so many ranks nobody has been able to get an exact count of them! Each pipe rank is made to sound, or SPEAK, by a switch or knob (called a STOP) at the keyboards (called the CONSOLE). This opens a valve which allows WIND into the WINDCHEST underneath the rank of pipes. But the pipes won't sound until the organist presses a key on the keyboard which opens another valve under the correct pipe. This makes it easy for the organist to vary the sound without a break in the musical performance. An organ might be described as a WurliTzer 3/8, to give an example. The first number tells you how many KEYBOARDS (for the hands) the instrument has - 3 in this case: the second number is the number of PIPE RANKS in it. This instrument has 8 ranks The foundation sound in a theatre organ comes from a set of pipes called the TIBIA rank. This sound is often made to shake or vibrate by causing a variation in the wind supply. This effect can be switched on or off by using the TREMULANT switch at the keyboards or CONSOLE. The foundation sound of the classical/church organ is made by ranks of DIAPASON pipes. If all ranks of pipes were made the same length (just shortening them to make the notes rise up in pitch) the sound would quickly become boring. So ranks of pipes are made in varying lengths. A theatre organ would have a rank of TIBIA pipes. When the TIBIA 8' stop is turned on, this would sound at the same pitch as a piano. The measurement of a pipe is that of the longest pipe in the rank, which is played by the lowest "C" on the keyboard. The control (stop) for this would be labelled TIBIA 8'. But on its own this is a dull sound. To brighten it the organist might add a pipes from the same TIBIA pipes one octave higher, which would have the name on its stop, TIBIA 4'. These pipes would play 8 notes - or an OCTAVE - higher than the 8' rank. However, a theatre organ just adds 12 pipes to the end of the rank to add an extra octave, versus a classical organ which typically has a rank of pipes per stop There might even be a stop labeled 2' which would make for a very bright sound. The control for this would be labeled TIBIA 2' and the pipes would sound 2 octaves (16 notes) above the 8' rank. Therefore, if the organist switches on the TIBIA 8' and TIBIA 4' and TIBIA 2' stops and plays the bottom note "C" on the keyboard you would hear THREE pipes sounding together and making a bright sound. Every key he pressed would also make 3 pipes sound at the same time. Ranks of pipes in an organ are also made in different shapes to create different kinds of sounds. Just as a trumpet makes a different sound from a trombone which has a different sound to a tuba. An organist can get many varieties of tone color by combining different ranks of pipes and varying the combination as he plays.
How can exercise-related stress fractures be diagnosed with a tuning fork?
If an individual has increased pain when the tuning fork is placed on a bone, such as the tibia or shinbone, the likelihood of a stress fracture is high. Bone scans also are helpful in detecting stress fractures
What is the value of a 1960 Thomas Organ Model BL3C?
This instrument is really only worth a few dollars at most. Parts cannot be purchased. The manufacturer is out of business and the product has no significant salvage value. If it has sentimental value, than I apologize. 25 years is old for any Electonic product. --- A Thomas Californian 263B should bring about $50-$250 depending on demand. As a buyer the electronic organ is a super bargain and the rewards far far outweigh the monetary value. A more appropriate term to 'old' these days is vintage. If an old guitar is a vintage guitar, then so must an old electronic organ be a vintage electronic organ. However, since organs and their types are no longer household words this really doesn't matter. The electronic organ is the most misunderstood and unappreciated musical instrument of our current digitally obsessed society. The fact is, NO digital electronic instrument can come close to the tonal power of a real analog electronic ( tubes, transistors, or LSI- large scale integrated circuits), and or electromechanical organ. I happen to own several organs and know that all of the aforementioned is true when basing worth on a dollar amount, and actually of all of the Thomas Californian organ line, the 263B is the best next to the Quadraphonic. The 294 Californian Deluxe is the better of the models that use TOS ( top order synthesis) integrated circuits for the tone generation where there is one master oscillator that tunes the entire range of the keyboard. The TOS models don't have the biting up front tone that the 12 individual transistor (TI) oscillator models have. The 263 ( and lower) and Quadraphonic use a 12 individual tone generation system and contrary to the writer of the first 4 lines of text above, all parts for the 263 are common every day transistors, capacitors, resistors, diodes, and the wire wound chokes ( AKA- Thomas Organ Cry Baby Wah Wah) just don't go bad. As far as the parts for the TOS organs, they too are available too- Brand new TOS tone generator chip replacements are inexpensive and easy to install. The General rule of thumb is that if it is numbered below 263 or Quad it is a transistorized tone generator spinet, and if it is higher than 263 it is a larger cabinet TOS model. The Thomas highest end model- the Trianon used the same TOS chips and because it used more filtering and had more voices it is a superior organ, but with this said the Californian 287 and 294 sound great, the 284 sounds somewhat cheap and contributes to the myth about 1970's organs being cheesy. ALL of the 263 or lower spinets sound incredible. Worth is low, but value of electronic organs is high. No current day organ can achieve the tonal personality of analog organs. Unfortunately the demand is low and the supply far far outweighs the demand. This is why it is so great being a fan of electronic organs, you can get what you want for peanuts. For instance I paid $30 for a pristine Californian 263B, paid $100 for a mint 81' Hammond Elegante, was given a Gulbransen Rialto II free... the point is don't worry over trying to make money from an organ as much as finding a good home for it- someone who will play it and cherish is, and maybe even pass it on to future generations. Nearly every brand still has parts suppliers. In fact Wurlitzer in particular has enough parts for several generations into the future via former employees who bought it all when the plant closed and they also service the mailable light weight chassis. There are ceramic 'circuit packs' that you often see in organs. These are to aid in manufacturing, reliability, space, and serviceability, but all are represented on schematics for the actual parts that are inside and can be repaired, or completely rebuilt using common parts. One last thing, organs are very incredible musical instruments. They are manufactured with the basic voices of tonality that cover the entire range of music- Flute ( tibia), Diapason, reed, horn, and strings. These are organ tones designed to sound this way, not just inferior attempts to try to sound like the real instruments, but genuine voicing of a real electronic musical instrument that can play more styles of music than any other instrument.
What organ registrations can be used on a pipe organ to suit theatre organ playing?
One of the characteristics of the theater organ is the tremulant. Also, whilst the prevalent stop on a church pipe organ is the Diapason or Principal, on the theater organ it is the Tibia Clausa, a pure flute tone. Theater organs also have stops not commonly found on church organs such as the Kinura and Post Horn. The strings are usually quite a bit keener and louder as well as typified by the typical Wurlitzer Viol de Orchestra. One commonality is the Vox Humana. However the voicing of theater organs is usually quite different than church organs, particularly if the church organ in question was built after the Organ Reform Movement. A Church organ built during the romantic or orchestral period may make a fairly good imitation of a theater organ simply by turning on the tremulants. However the tremulants of theater organs are usually quite a bit faster and deeper than church organ tremulants. The best bet is to make maximum use of the strings, trems and reeds. Do not be afraid to use the mutations as well. Don't forget that theater organs were highly unified so that many stops played at every conceivable pitch.
What are the Hannah Montana bone dance lyrics?
Everybody knows the bones, Just had to find a way Everybody know what I'm talkin 'bout, That's how I'll get an A My bod has many parts And this is where it starts Phalenges I have ten, And Medditarsals then I got some tarsals too, I'll put them in my shoe The Fibula is next, According to my text Then comes the tibia, That ain't no fibia And now I'm up to my knee Yeah,Yeah,Yeah That's the petela to me We're doin' the bone dance We study the answers Again and again till I get it right We're doing the bone dance Ya dance and you'll learn it And we won't mess up this test We'll get it perfect (Talk) Come on everybody move those fe...femer [The Bone Dance lyrics on http://www.metrolyrics.com] And now I take it home, with the Parital bone It might be crazy, But we learn that way Temporal and Frontal too And now we're finally through That makes two hundred and six I found a way that clicks (chant) Bone thugs in the house We're doin' the bone dance Ya study the answers, Again and again till I get it right We're doin' the bone dance Ya dance and you'll learn it And we won't mess up this test We'll get it perfect WORD! -bffl6th
What instrument was banned by Plato?
Plato banned the flute from his ideal Republic because he believed it was too emotional and could incite irrational behavior. He viewed the flute as promoting excessive passion and leading to moral degradation in society.
What was the most popular instrument in Ancient rome?
The most popular instrument in Ancient Rome was the tibia, a type of double-reed woodwind instrument. It was widely used in various musical performances and religious ceremonies. Other commonly used instruments were the lyre, a string instrument similar to a small harp, and various types of percussion instruments such as drums and cymbals.
What was the Greek instrument associated with the god Dionysus?
That is the aulos or tibia.
What instrument accompanied the dithyramb that were sung to honor dionysus?
Aulos or Tibia.
What is the ridge on the tibia head called?
The ridge on the tibia head is called the tibial tuberosity. It is a bony prominence on the anterior surface of the tibia where the patellar ligament attaches.
What was the name of the instrument of the greek god dionysos?
The aulos or tibia was most often associated with Dionysus.
Which instrument did Plato ban from his ideal republic because of it association with the cults of Dionysus?
Plato banned the flute from his ideal republic due to its association with the cults of Dionysus. He believed that the flute's emotional and irrational nature did not align with the rational and harmonious ideals of his ideal society.
What is the body part located the shin called?
Your tibia is what would be considered your shin bone.
What is t tibula?
Tibula was an ancient town of Sardinia. The tibia is the shin bone.
The two bones between the knee and ankle are called?
The tibia and fibula are the bones of the lower leg.
Which instrument was used by the dithyramb that were sung to honor dionysus?
AulosThe aulos.
At its distal end the tibia expands to form a prominence on the inner ankle called the?
at its distal end the tibia expands to form a prominence on the inner ankle called the
