This line was a place holder line, that Paul McCartney put in when he couldn't think of another. When he presented the song to John Lennon, Paul told him that he would think of a better line. John replied that it was the best line the song, and told him not to change it.
That you should hold your head up.
Shoulder Rests are a great way to keep your shoulder comfortable when you are playing the violin... BUT are optional. You can use the violin with or without one, but some people find using a shoulder rest more comfortable then not using one, and vice versa. So, In conclusion, you are not required to use a shoulder rest.
Scapulohumeral rhythm:(describes the timing of movement at these joints during shoulder elevation.)first 30 degrees of shoulder elevation involves a "setting phase": The movement is largely glenohumeral.Scapulothoracic movement is small and inconsistent.after the first 30 degrees of shoulder elevation: The glenohumeral and scapulothoracic joints move simultaneously.Overall 2:1 ratio of glenohumeral to scapulothoracic movement.You can observe scapulohumeral rhythm by palpating the scapula's position as a person elevates the shoulder. Helpful scapular landmarks for palpation are the base of the spine and the inferior angle.Scapulohumeral rhythm serves at least two purposes.It preserves the length-tension relationships of the glenohumeral muscles; the muscles do not shorten as much as they would without the scapula's upward rotation, and so can sustain their force production through a larger portion of the range of motion.It prevents impingement between the humerus and the acromion. Because of the difference in size between the glenoid fossa and the humeral head, subacromial impingement can occur unless relative movement between the humerus and scapula is limited. Simultaneous movement of the humerus and scapula during shoulder elevation limits relative (arthrokinematic) movement between the two bones.
I believe by this you mean a shoulder pad-which is place under the violin so that the violin rests comfortably on the shoulder. It is used by professionals to make it easier to hold up the instrument.
It means "a little movement".
Legato is the indication for the movement of entire composition to play smoothly.
Rotation
The shoulder is a single joint, your question makes no sense.
Shrug
that would be the shoulder
The symptoms of shoulder burstitis include pain when you move your shoulder or raise your arm over your head, decreased movement of your arm and shoulder, redness or swelling, etc.
Moves shoulder away
the shoulder
gliding
The rotator cuff allows the shoulder to perform movements such as rotation, abduction, and extension.
Symptoms of shoulder sprain may include: Pain, tenderness, and swelling around the shoulder Redness, warmth, or bruising around the shoulder Limited ability to move the shoulder and increased pain with movement
the deltoid has 3 division of fiber, each has its function depending on their location the anterior fiber serves as shoulder flexor, where is the middle fiber for shoulder abduction at frontal plane and the posterior fiber functions as shoulder extensor
If it is painful, my best guess would be a dislocated shoulder. That allows you to keep movement of your elbow down, but not your shoulder.