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Enzymes are proteins that catalyse (speed up) a reaction. They are very specific; enzymes will only bind a very specific molecule (or molecules containing a very specific chemical group). They normally have no effect on molecules that are not their substrate (the specific type of molecule they can interact with).
Enzymes work because they have a specific shape and an 'active site'. The active site is the part of the enzyme that will bind its substrate and it may be charged in specific places so that it attracts and binds tightly to the substrate. Because the active site is the right shape and charge for the substrate, it can bind it efficiently and when it does this it causes the enzyme to change shape and catalyse a chemical reaction. Other molecules that are the wrong size, shape or charge will simply not fit into the active site or will be repelled, so the enzyme doesn't affect them.
Some enzymes contain complex metal ions at their active site which help create the right conditions to bind the substrate, by adding a certain charge in a certain place.
Enzymes can be 'fooled' by molecules of a very similar size, shape and charge as their normal substrate. Many toxins work in this way, by being similar to a certain molecule that the enzyme normally binds to. The toxins cause a problem because they are slightly different from the actual substrate and so don't react but just occupy the active site permanently or until they fall out. This means that the enzyme is useless.
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What do biotechnologist used to cut DNA molecules at specific sequences?
Biotechnologists use enzymes called restriction enzymes to cut DNA molecules at specific sequences. These enzymes recognize particular DNA sequences and cut the DNA at those specific locations, allowing for precise manipulation of genetic material.
Do restriction enzymes cut protein molecules at specific sites?
No, restriction enzymes cut DNA molecules at specific sites. They recognize specific sequences of nucleotides in DNA and cleave the phosphate backbone at those points. Proteins are not typically cut by restriction enzymes.
What kind of molecules build up or break down large molecules?
Enzymes are biological molecules that help build up or break down large molecules. They catalyze chemical reactions by lowering the activation energy required for the reaction to occur, making the process more efficient. Each enzyme is specific to a particular substrate or type of molecule.
Bacterial proteins that cut DNA molecules at specific nucleotides are?
Restriction enzymes
What do bio technologists use to cut DNA molecules at specific sequences?
Bio technologists use restriction enzymes to cut DNA molecules at specific sequences. These enzymes recognize specific sequences of nucleotides and cleave the DNA at those sites, allowing for precise manipulation of the DNA.
What do biotechnologist used to cut DNA molecules at specific sequences?
Biotechnologists use enzymes called restriction enzymes to cut DNA molecules at specific sequences. These enzymes recognize particular DNA sequences and cut the DNA at those specific locations, allowing for precise manipulation of genetic material.
Molecules which serve as chemical to make reaction work-like the breakdown of food molecules?
Enzymes are molecules that act as catalysts to facilitate the breakdown of food molecules and other chemical reactions in the body. They lower the activation energy required for the reaction to occur, allowing it to proceed at a faster rate. Enzymes are specific in their action, targeting particular substrates to catalyze specific reactions.
What do biotechnology use to cut DNA molecules at specific sequences?
Biotechnology uses enzymes called restriction endonucleases to cut DNA molecules at specific sequences. These enzymes recognize particular DNA sequences and cleave the DNA at or near those specific sites.
Do restriction enzymes cut protein molecules at specific sites?
No, restriction enzymes cut DNA molecules at specific sites. They recognize specific sequences of nucleotides in DNA and cleave the phosphate backbone at those points. Proteins are not typically cut by restriction enzymes.
What Organic molecules that catalyze reactions in living systems are?
Enzymes are the organic molecules that catalyze reactions in living systems. They act as biological catalysts by decreasing the activation energy required for a chemical reaction to occur. Enzymes are typically specific to particular substrates and can speed up reactions by many orders of magnitude.
How do restriction enzymes work to cut DNA molecules at specific sequences?
Restriction enzymes work by recognizing specific sequences of DNA called recognition sites and cutting the DNA at those sites. These enzymes are like molecular scissors that can identify and bind to particular sequences of DNA, then cut the DNA at specific points within those sequences. This process allows scientists to precisely manipulate and study DNA molecules.
What do enzymes and substrates look like?
Enzymes and substrates are molecules and look like any other molecules. In case of enzymes specifically, they are proteins and so have long chains of amino acids folded into different structures and shapes.
What kind of molecules build up or break down large molecules?
Enzymes are biological molecules that help build up or break down large molecules. They catalyze chemical reactions by lowering the activation energy required for the reaction to occur, making the process more efficient. Each enzyme is specific to a particular substrate or type of molecule.
Bacterial proteins that cut DNA molecules at specific nucleotides are?
Restriction enzymes
What do bio technologists use to cut DNA molecules at specific sequences?
Bio technologists use restriction enzymes to cut DNA molecules at specific sequences. These enzymes recognize specific sequences of nucleotides and cleave the DNA at those sites, allowing for precise manipulation of the DNA.
Enzymes have specific that determine their function?
Enzymes have specific active sites that match the shape and charge of their substrate molecules. This specificity allows enzymes to catalyze specific chemical reactions. Substrate binding induces a conformational change in the enzyme to more effectively convert substrate molecules into products.
How do restriction enzymes determine the specific location to cleave DNA molecules during the process of genetic modification?
Restriction enzymes recognize specific sequences of nucleotides in DNA molecules called recognition sites. These enzymes bind to these sites and cleave the DNA at specific locations, allowing for precise genetic modification.
