If you're talking about covalent bonding, they're just called atoms, and if you're talking about ionic bonding, they're called ions. Positively charged ions are called cations, and negatively charged ions are called anions.
The outermost energy level of an atom that can participate in bonding is called the valence shell. This shell contains the valence electrons, which are the electrons involved in forming chemical bonds with other atoms.
covalent/ionic bonding.
valence electrons
Valence electrons, the are on the outermost layer of the atom
Chemical bonding involves the interactions between atoms, primarily through their electrons. The key particles involved are valence electrons, which are the electrons in the outermost shell of an atom. These electrons participate in the formation of bonds—either by being shared between atoms in covalent bonds or transferred from one atom to another in ionic bonds. Additionally, metallic bonding involves a sea of delocalized electrons that contribute to the bonding between metal atoms.
If the bonding is covalent, then they are just called atoms but when in ionic bonding they are called ions.
The outer shell electrons of an atom are involved in chemical bonding
Electrons involved in bonding between atoms are valence electrons.
At times the electrons involved in bonding are shared equally between the nuclei of two atoms and the bond is called a pure covalent bond. More often, however, the sharing is unequal and the electrons spend more time around the nucleus
The outer, or valance electrons of the atom are that which is involved in bonding.
Valence electrons are the electrons in an atom that participate in chemical bonding. They are located in the outermost energy level of an atom and are involved in forming chemical bonds with other atoms to achieve stability.
The outermost energy level of an atom that can participate in bonding is called the valence shell. This shell contains the valence electrons, which are the electrons involved in forming chemical bonds with other atoms.
Valence electrons
The valence electrons of the atom.
A calcium atom has 2 electrons in its outermost shell, which are involved in chemical bonding. These electrons can be donated or shared with other atoms to form bonds.
The outer or valence electrons are the ones involved in bonding.Valence electrons
covalent/ionic bonding.