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Do prions enter the cytoplasm?
Prions are too poorly understood to give a definitive answer on this. However it is believed that the normal version of the protein (PrPC) resides on the cell membrane and is involved in cell to cell communication. So it's likely that the prions don't enter the cytoplasm.
How prion multiply in host cell?
Prions do not multiply in host cells in the same way that viruses or bacteria do. Instead, prions replicate by inducing misfolding of normal proteins in the host, leading to a cascade of misfolded proteins that can aggregate into plaques. This abnormal protein folding and aggregation can damage nerve cells and lead to neurodegenerative diseases such as Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease.
What are 2 non-living pathogens?
Viruses and prions are examples of non-living pathogens. Viruses require host cells to replicate, while prions are misfolded proteins that can cause disease by inducing other proteins to misfold.
How could prions multiply without nucleic acids?
Prions multiply by a process which is, at present, not fully understood. The protein PrPr is present in healthy cells of all mammals, in the brain and central nervous system. It is only when the gene that creates PrPr undergoes mutation that it begins to produce a harmful strain of PrPr, the prion. Prions replicate by causing the surrounding healthy proteins to fold abronmally, turning them into prions. These newly-formed prions in turn cause other proteins to fold abnormally. This process creates vacuoles in the cells of the brain, resulting in diseases such as Creutzfeld-Jakob disease in humans, and Bovine Spongiform Enphysema in cows. Prions multiply by a process which is, at present, not fully understood. The protein PrPr is present in healthy cells of all mammals, in the brain and central nervous system. It is only when the gene that creates PrPr undergoes mutation that it begins to produce a harmful strain of PrPr, the prion. Prions replicate by causing the surrounding healthy proteins to fold abronmally, turning them into prions. These newly-formed prions in turn cause other proteins to fold abnormally. This process creates vacuoles in the cells of the brain, resulting in diseases such as Creutzfeld-Jakob disease in humans, and Bovine spongiform encephalopathy (mad cow disease)
Describe how can viruses and prions can alter cell function?
Viruses can alter cell function by entering host cells and using their machinery to replicate and produce more virus particles. Prions, on the other hand, are misfolded proteins that can induce normal proteins in the cell to also misfold and accumulate, disrupting normal cellular function. Both viruses and prions can cause damage to cells, leading to various diseases and health problems.
Do prions enter the cytoplasm?
Prions are too poorly understood to give a definitive answer on this. However it is believed that the normal version of the protein (PrPC) resides on the cell membrane and is involved in cell to cell communication. So it's likely that the prions don't enter the cytoplasm.
How prion multiply in host cell?
Prions do not multiply in host cells in the same way that viruses or bacteria do. Instead, prions replicate by inducing misfolding of normal proteins in the host, leading to a cascade of misfolded proteins that can aggregate into plaques. This abnormal protein folding and aggregation can damage nerve cells and lead to neurodegenerative diseases such as Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease.
What are 2 non-living pathogens?
Viruses and prions are examples of non-living pathogens. Viruses require host cells to replicate, while prions are misfolded proteins that can cause disease by inducing other proteins to misfold.
Do prions replicate in cells?
They are not biological and don't "replicate" in a biological sense. They are misshapen proteins and they cause other proteins to also become misshapen, and thus cells just come apart or die.
How could prions multiply without nucleic acids?
Prions multiply by a process which is, at present, not fully understood. The protein PrPr is present in healthy cells of all mammals, in the brain and central nervous system. It is only when the gene that creates PrPr undergoes mutation that it begins to produce a harmful strain of PrPr, the prion. Prions replicate by causing the surrounding healthy proteins to fold abronmally, turning them into prions. These newly-formed prions in turn cause other proteins to fold abnormally. This process creates vacuoles in the cells of the brain, resulting in diseases such as Creutzfeld-Jakob disease in humans, and Bovine Spongiform Enphysema in cows. Prions multiply by a process which is, at present, not fully understood. The protein PrPr is present in healthy cells of all mammals, in the brain and central nervous system. It is only when the gene that creates PrPr undergoes mutation that it begins to produce a harmful strain of PrPr, the prion. Prions replicate by causing the surrounding healthy proteins to fold abronmally, turning them into prions. These newly-formed prions in turn cause other proteins to fold abnormally. This process creates vacuoles in the cells of the brain, resulting in diseases such as Creutzfeld-Jakob disease in humans, and Bovine spongiform encephalopathy (mad cow disease)
Can obesity cause abnormal periods?
Yes, obesity can be related to abnormal periods because the additional fat cells change the hormonal balance in the body.
What is neoplastic etiologies?
Neoplastic etiology is the study of the cause for the growth of the abnormal proliferation of malignant cells.
Describe how can viruses and prions can alter cell function?
Viruses can alter cell function by entering host cells and using their machinery to replicate and produce more virus particles. Prions, on the other hand, are misfolded proteins that can induce normal proteins in the cell to also misfold and accumulate, disrupting normal cellular function. Both viruses and prions can cause damage to cells, leading to various diseases and health problems.
Are prions prokaryotic?
No. Prions are neither prokaryotic nor eukaryotic. They are similar to viruses - nonliving. However, they are more "nonliving" than viruses in the respect that they are just protein sans nucleic acid or anything cell-like.
How do prions act?
Prions are misfolded proteins that can induce other proteins to misfold in a similar manner. These misfolded proteins can gather together and accumulate in the brain, leading to the formation of plaques that can cause neurodegenerative diseases like Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease. Once prions enter the body, they can spread and infect other cells, perpetuating the cycle of misfolded protein accumulation.
Does picking scabs cause skin cancer?
No it does not cause cancer. Cancer is the uncontrolled abnormal growth of cells. Picking scabs causes scars.
Which cells directly attack abnormal cells in the body?
Cells of the immune system, such as T cells and natural killer cells, directly attack abnormal cells in the body. They recognize markers on the surface of abnormal cells and release chemicals to destroy them.
