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What are the 2 main differences between prokaryotes and eukaryotes?
Prokaryotes: * single-cellular * do not have membrane-bound organelles (such as mitochondria or chloroplasts) * transcription and translation of DNA can occur simultaneously due to the fact that there is no nuclear membrane Eukaryotes: * can be multi-cellular * contain membrane-bound organelles
Chromatin contains proteins called?
Histones are the main proteins in chromatin, histones are a group of five small basic proteins in the nucleus.
What evidence exists to support the idea that archaea are more closely related to eukaryotes rather than to bacteria?
The presence of certain genetic and molecular features, such as introns, histones, and similarities in the RNA polymerase structure, suggest a closer evolutionary relationship between archaea and eukaryotes. Additionally, comparative genomics studies have shown that archaea share more genes and metabolic pathways with eukaryotes than with bacteria. This evidence supports the hypothesis that archaea and eukaryotes share a common ancestry.
What is made of DNA and histones?
chromosomes
Eukaryotic chromosomes are coated with proteins containing a high proportion of basic amino acids These proteins are given the name?
histones
In eukaryotes DNA wraps around histones and assembles into units?
nucleosomes
What are the 2 main differences between prokaryotes and eukaryotes?
Prokaryotes: * single-cellular * do not have membrane-bound organelles (such as mitochondria or chloroplasts) * transcription and translation of DNA can occur simultaneously due to the fact that there is no nuclear membrane Eukaryotes: * can be multi-cellular * contain membrane-bound organelles
What problem might arise in histone deficient chromatin?
Histones function in the packaging of DNA as well as in regulation of gene expression in eukaryotic (and some bacterial) cells. Histone proteins are among the most highly conserved proteins in eukaryotes, emphasizing their requirement for the survival of more complex life forms. Cells deficient in histones likely would not survive as the complex genomes of eukaryotes would not have the necessary levels of regulation as well as the DNA would not be efficiently packed and would be fragile and highly susceptible to damage.
Chromatin contains proteins called?
Histones are the main proteins in chromatin, histones are a group of five small basic proteins in the nucleus.
In eukaryotes gene expression is related to the coiling and uncoiling of what?
In eukaryotes, gene expression is related to the coiling and uncoiling of DNA around histone proteins, forming chromatin. When DNA is tightly coiled around histones, it is less accessible for transcription, leading to reduced gene expression. When DNA is unwound, gene expression is more likely to occur.
To help with biology homework what are histones?
Histones are proteins found in eukaryotic cell nuclei. They are high in alkaline. Histones package and order the DNA into units that are called nucleosomes.
What evidence exists to support the idea that archaea are more closely related to eukaryotes rather than to bacteria?
The presence of certain genetic and molecular features, such as introns, histones, and similarities in the RNA polymerase structure, suggest a closer evolutionary relationship between archaea and eukaryotes. Additionally, comparative genomics studies have shown that archaea share more genes and metabolic pathways with eukaryotes than with bacteria. This evidence supports the hypothesis that archaea and eukaryotes share a common ancestry.
What does the term 'histone acetylation' means?
Histones are proteins that organize DNA in the chromatin of eukaryotes (cells that have membrane enclosed nuclei). Acetylation means the introduction of acetyl group to a molecule. In essence, Histone Acetylation removes the positive charge on the histones which, in turn, causes a decrease in the interaction with negatively charged phosphates in DNA.
Does histones and DNA molecules relate to each other?
Histones are a part of DNA. Histones are actually 8 molecule of proteins joined together and the DNA strand wraps around the the histone in a circular manner. Histones are present on the DNA strand at regular intervals.
In eukaryotes DNA...?
Contained within structures called chromosomes that collectively reside within the cell's nucleus that is itself bounded by the nuclear envelope.
When does DNA begins to condense with help of structural proteins like histones?
as soon as histones are put in solution with DNA it begins to condense. Just by being there the positively charged histones are attracted to the negatively charged DNA. DNA wraps around histones and other structural proteins condensing to metaphase chromosomes.
What role do histones play in a cell?
DNA strands are wrapped around the histones. In order for DNA to be accessible, histones must be modified (acetylation). If the histones are "protected" at a particular locus from modification, the genes are silenced and cannot be expressed.
