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When matter loses energy, its particles slow down. This decrease in kinetic energy leads to a decrease in particle movement and ultimately a decrease in temperature.
A change from one state of matter due to an increase or decrease in energy is known as a phase change. For example, when heat energy is added to ice (solid), it melts into water (liquid); this is called melting. Conversely, when energy is removed from water, it can freeze into ice, a process known as freezing. These transitions illustrate how energy influences the arrangement and movement of particles in different states of matter.
put it in the refrigerator
As heat and temperature increase, the kinetic energy of particles also increases, causing them to move more rapidly. This increased movement leads to particles spreading out and occupying a larger volume, resulting in a decrease in density. Ultimately, the particles become less organized and move more freely, transitioning from a solid to a liquid and then to a gas state.
Freezing is the process where a substance changes from a liquid to a solid state. At the atomic level, freezing occurs when the molecules slow down and lose energy, allowing them to arrange themselves into a solid structure with a specific pattern. This arrangement results in a decrease in the substance's volume and an increase in its density.
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The movement of particles decrease as temperature decreases, and vice versa. Therefore, they will decrease while freezing.
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Increase
Increase
The movement of particles decreases during condensation. As a substance changes from a gas to a liquid during condensation, the particles come closer together and lose some of their kinetic energy, resulting in a slower overall movement.
A Phase Change
The movement of particles increases during vaporization as they gain more energy to overcome intermolecular forces and transition from a condensed phase to a gaseous phase.
The movement of particles increases during sublimation. This is because sublimation involves the direct transition of a substance from a solid to a gas phase without passing through a liquid phase, leading to an increase in the kinetic energy of particles.
increase
As heat energy is supplied to a liquid, its temperature rises. The rise of temperature causes a rise in the kinetic energy of the particles; which happens when the speed of the particles increases.
Temperature causes movement by increasing the kinetic energy of particles in a substance. As temperature rises, particles move faster and with more energy, leading to an increase in overall movement within the substance. Conversely, a decrease in temperature results in a decrease in particle movement.