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What are the 4-step machine cycle and describe what occurs at each step?
The 4-step machine cycle consists of Fetch, Decode, Execute, and Store. Fetch: The CPU retrieves an instruction from memory, using the program counter to determine the address. Decode: The fetched instruction is interpreted to understand what action is required, identifying the operation and the operands involved. Execute: The CPU performs the operation specified by the instruction, which may involve arithmetic calculations or data manipulation. Store: Finally, the result of the execution is written back to memory or a register, completing the cycle before moving on to the next instruction.
How does fetch decode cycle work?
The program counter in the processor holds the address of the next instruction needed from main memory. The program counter copies its contents into the memory address register. The memory address register then sends the address along the address bus to main memory and the contents of the memory location specified by the address are sent along the data bus to the memory buffer register. The contents of the memory buffer register are then copied to the current instruction register where they are decoded and executed.
Different types of elements which require storage during program execution?
Variables, arrays, objects, and pointers are common elements that require storage during program execution. Each of these elements holds data that needs to be accessed or modified during the running of the program.
A General Purpose holds data an Intermediate result during the execution of a program?
A general purpose register is a storage location within a CPU that temporarily holds data during program execution. It is used for storing intermediate results and operands for arithmetic and logical operations. These registers are crucial for the efficient functioning of a processor.
What does jno stand for?
"JNO" is a mnemonic used in assembly language programming to represent the "jump if not overflow" instruction. This instruction is used to conditionally transfer control to another part of the program based on the status of the CPU overflow flag.
What is the function of program counter?
program counter is a register that has the address of next instruction that has to be executed after currently executing instruction. it is used for proper execution of functions of computer by providing address of next instruction to microprocessor.
What are the four distinct actions that a machine instruction can specify?
• The processor fetches the instruction from memory • Program counter (PC) holds address of the instruction to be fetched next • PC is incremented after each fetch • Fetched instruction loaded into instruction register
What is the purpose of program counter?
program counter is a register that has the address of next instruction that has to be executed after currently executing instruction. it is used for proper execution of functions of computer by providing address of next instruction to microprocessor.
What is the consists in the Instruction register?
The Instruction Register contains the current instruction being executed. It is an internal, special register, and you can not do anything explicit with it. If you are referring to the Program Counter, that simply contains the address of the next instruction to execute. It is incremented for each opcode and operand byte fetched.
What is the difference between the instruction location counter and the program counter?
The Instruction Location Counter is a variable inside of the assembler. While the Program Counter is a register. The PC solely keeps track of the next instruction in a program, ILC increments by each instruction's operand length.
A loop control variable that is incremented a specific number of times is known as?
A loop control variable is widly known as a "counter".
What is the function of the program counter register?
The function of the program counter register is to hold the address of the instruction that is being executed and (later) to hold the address of the instruction that will be executed next.
What will happen when pop instruction is executed?
The top of stack to copied to the specified register and the stack pointer is incremented by 2. A special form of POP, RET, has the program continuing with the popped address in the program counter, i.e. a return from subroutine or function call.
Function of a program counter?
Program Counter is just a synonim for Instruction Pointer.
What is program counter?
Synonym for Instruction Pointer.
Purpose of program counter in a microprocessor is?
In 8085 program counter stores the address of the next instruction which is to be fecthed.same function is performed by instruction pointer in 8086.
What is the function of the instruction counter?
There is no such thing as an instruction counter. You are either referring to the instruction register (IR) or the program counter (PC), The PC is more commonly known as the instruction pointer (IP). The IR and IP work together. The IR fetches the instruction currently pointed to by the IP which is then incremented to refer to the next instruction. The IR is then decoded and executed and the cycle repeats ad infinitum (known as the fetch-decode-execute cycle). However, if the fetched instruction is a control transfer instruction (such as JMP), its execution will cause the IP to refer to another address which, in turn, causes execution to "branch" to a new section of code on the next fetch-decode-execute cycle. Note that a low-level JMP is equivalent to a goto statement in high-level code, however code can also branch through high-level if and switch statements as well as structured loops such as for, while and do-while statements.
