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Reactions As amino acids have both a primary amine group and a primary carboxyl group, these chemicals can undergo most of the reactions associated with these functional groups. These include nucleophilic addition, amide bond formation and imine formation for the amine group and esterification, amide bond formation and decarboxylation for the carboxylic acid group. The multiple side chains of amino acids can also undergo chemical reactions. The types of these reactions are determined by the groups on these side chains and are discussed in the articles dealing with each specific type of amino acid. The condensation of two amino acids to form a peptide bond.
: For more details on this topic, see Peptide bond. As both the amine and carboxylic acid groups of amino acids can react to form amide bonds, one amino acid molecule can react with another and become joined through an amide linkage. This polymerization of amino acids is what creates proteins. This condensation reaction yields the newly formed peptide bond and a molecule of water. In cells, this reaction does not occur directly; instead the amino acid is first activated by attachment to a transfer RNA molecule through an ester bond. This aminoacyl-tRNA is produced in an ATP-dependent reaction carried out by an aminoacyl tRNA synthetase.[11] This aminoacyl-tRNA is then a substrate for the ribosome, which catalyzes the attack of the amino group of the elongating protein chain on the ester bond.[12] As a result of this mechanism, all proteins made by ribosomes are synthesized starting at their N-terminus and moving towards their C-terminus. However, not all peptide bonds are formed in this way. In a few cases, peptides are synthesized by specific enzymes. For example, the tripeptide glutathione is an essential part of the defenses of cells against oxidative stress. This peptide is synthesized in two steps from free amino acids.[13] In the first step gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase condenses cysteine and glutamic acid through a peptide bond formed between the side-chain carboxyl of the glutamate (the gamma carbon of this side chain) and the amino group of the cysteine. This dipeptide is then condensed with glycine by glutathione synthetase to form glutathione.[14] In chemistry, peptides are synthesized by a variety of reactions. One of the most used in solid-phase peptide synthesis, which uses the aromatic oxime derivatives of amino acids as activated units. These are added in sequence onto the growing peptide chain, which is attached to a solid resin support.[15 Reactions As amino acids have both a primary amine group and a primary carboxyl group, these chemicals can undergo most of the reactions associated with these functional groups. These include nucleophilic addition, amide bond formation and imine formation for the amine group and esterification, amide bond formation and decarboxylation for the carboxylic acid group. The multiple side chains of amino acids can also undergo chemical reactions. The types of these reactions are determined by the groups on these side chains and are discussed in the articles dealing with each specific type of amino acid. The condensation of two amino acids to form a peptide bond.
: For more details on this topic, see Peptide bond. As both the amine and carboxylic acid groups of amino acids can react to form amide bonds, one amino acid molecule can react with another and become joined through an amide linkage. This polymerization of amino acids is what creates proteins. This condensation reaction yields the newly formed peptide bond and a molecule of water. In cells, this reaction does not occur directly; instead the amino acid is first activated by attachment to a transfer RNA molecule through an ester bond. This aminoacyl-tRNA is produced in an ATP-dependent reaction carried out by an aminoacyl tRNA synthetase.[11] This aminoacyl-tRNA is then a substrate for the ribosome, which catalyzes the attack of the amino group of the elongating protein chain on the ester bond.[12] As a result of this mechanism, all proteins made by ribosomes are synthesized starting at their N-terminus and moving towards their C-terminus. However, not all peptide bonds are formed in this way. In a few cases, peptides are synthesized by specific enzymes. For example, the tripeptide glutathione is an essential part of the defenses of cells against oxidative stress. This peptide is synthesized in two steps from free amino acids.[13] In the first step gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase condenses cysteine and glutamic acid through a peptide bond formed between the side-chain carboxyl of the glutamate (the gamma carbon of this side chain) and the amino group of the cysteine. This dipeptide is then condensed with glycine by glutathione synthetase to form glutathione.[14] In chemistry, peptides are synthesized by a variety of reactions. One of the most used in solid-phase peptide synthesis, which uses the aromatic oxime derivatives of amino acids as activated units. These are added in sequence onto the growing peptide chain, which is attached to a solid resin support.[15
What else can I help you with?
A Protein is a long chain of what?
A protein is a long chain of amino acids. That are linked by dehydration synthesis to form peptide bonds.
What type of building blocks would you use to construct a protein?
Amino acids
What do amino acids form from?
Amino acids are formed from the process of protein synthesis, where amino acids are linked together in a specific sequence to form a protein chain. Amino acids are also obtained from dietary sources in the form of proteins, which are broken down into individual amino acids during digestion.
What are the building blocks of protens?
Proteins are made up of amino acids, which are the building blocks of proteins. There are 20 different amino acids that can be combined in various sequences to form proteins. Each protein has a unique sequence of amino acids that determines its structure and function.
Where amino acids are strung together to form a protein?
Amino acids are bonded together with peptide bonds in protein synthesis at the ribosomes.
How do protein form?
DNA molecules form amino acids. Amino acids are bonded together by peptide bonds. This chain on amino acids and peptide bonds form the structure for protein.
What is the building blocks of a protein molecule?
Proteins are made up of amino acids, which are the building blocks of protein molecules. There are 20 different types of amino acids that can be combined in various sequences to form different proteins.
A Protein is a long chain of what?
A protein is a long chain of amino acids. That are linked by dehydration synthesis to form peptide bonds.
What type of Molecule is needed to form protein molecules?
Amino acids are the molecules needed to form protein molecules. Proteins are made up of long chains of amino acids.
What molecule is read to make amino acids?
Messenger RNA (mRNA) is the molecule that carries the genetic information from DNA to the ribosome, where it is translated to build proteins such as amino acids. The ribosome reads the codons on the mRNA to determine the sequence of amino acids in the protein being synthesized.
What type of building blocks would you use to construct a protein?
Amino acids
Are amino acids a protein?
Proteins are made of Amino Acids
What do amino acids form from?
Amino acids are formed from the process of protein synthesis, where amino acids are linked together in a specific sequence to form a protein chain. Amino acids are also obtained from dietary sources in the form of proteins, which are broken down into individual amino acids during digestion.
Do enzymes primarily form from amino acids?
Yes. Enzymes are made of protein basically and protein is made from many amino acids.
Where amino acids are strung together to form a protein?
Amino acids are bonded together with peptide bonds in protein synthesis at the ribosomes.
What are the building blocks of protens?
Proteins are made up of amino acids, which are the building blocks of proteins. There are 20 different amino acids that can be combined in various sequences to form proteins. Each protein has a unique sequence of amino acids that determines its structure and function.
What is the combining form of protein?
Amino acids.
