A nova is when a star "dies", or runs out of fuel to burn and implodes, and the gravity makes it collapse in on itself. But it will effect any space objects near it like planets and asteroids. A supernova is when a huge star (usually a few times the size of our sun to 30 times the size)"dies" causing a giant implosion which will effect space objects and their gravity farther away than of any planets.
A supernova, or in the case of a smaller star, a nova.
A hypernova is a more powerful and larger explosion than a supernova. It occurs when a massive star collapses and releases an immense amount of energy, much greater than that of a supernova. Hypernovae are one of the most energetic events in the universe.
Not the sun specifically, but a partial supernova was recently found to occasionally happen in two-star systems. See the related link below.
In the case of a star (that is not actually going nova or supernova) they are balanced.
A Nova or a Supernova.
A supernova. See related question.
A supernova is when a massive star explodes. A neutron star is what can be formed after a supernova explosion. See related questions
A Supernova. See related question
super nova
The only date close to this that is Nova related was February 23rd when Supernova 1987A was observed.
Dangerous. Novas, or supernovas. Tycho Brahe coined the phrase "nova stellarum" when a "new star" appeared in the night sky. We now know that he was observing a supernova, the death throes of a very massive star.
Supernova
A binary star may, or may not, be related to a nova or supernova. In some specific cases, a supernova is specifically caused by a close binary system; but not all binary systems result in novas, and not all novas come from binary stars.
A nova or a supernova
A super nova isn't a person. A super-nova is a high mass star's explosion.
A supernova, or in the case of a smaller star, a nova.
the candy that is related to the supernova is the atomic fire ball