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I'm tring to find this out myself but I think you heat-kill or genetically engineer the pathogen.

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14y ago

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Which type of vaccine is made from a living microbe with reduced virulence?

A live-attenuated vaccine is made from a living microbe that has been weakened or attenuated to reduce its virulence. This type of vaccine mimics a natural infection, stimulating a strong immune response without causing severe illness. Examples include the measles, mumps, rubella (MMR) and oral polio vaccines.


What is a pathogen that is made of nucleic acid either RNA or DNA surrounded by protein?

Viruses are pathogens made from RNA or DNA and are encapsulated in a protein shell.


Is producing antibodies a response by human white blood cells to pathogens?

Yes. Antibodies are made in response to pathogens. The antibodies are made by WBCs. These antibodies are a "match" to the pathogen. The next time the body is attacked by this pathogen, the antibody response will be much faster and a person will recover much sooner.


Who made the first influenza vaccine?

The first vaccine is the virus cowpox (the latin word for cow is vacca, hence vaccine). It produces a very mild and harmless infection in people but protects them from smallpox, one of the most deadly diseases in history. Today, smallpox has been eradicated from the wild due to a worldwide effort to vaccinate enough people to wipe it out.


What is used to make measles vaccine?

The MMR vaccine (Measles, Mumps and Rubella) is a live, attenuated (weakened), combination vaccine that protects against the measles, mumps, and rubella viruses. It was first licensed in the combined form in 1971 and contains the safest and most effective forms of each vaccine. It is made by taking the measles virus from the throat of an infected person and adapting it to grow in chick embryo cells in a laboratory. As the virus becomes better able to grow in the chick embryo cells, it becomes less able to grow in a child's skin or lungs. When this vaccine virus is given to a child it replicates only a little before it is eliminated from the body. This replication causes the body to develop an immunity that, in 95% of children, lasts for a lifetime. A second dose of the vaccine is recommended to protect those 5% who did not develop immunity in the first dose and to give "booster" effect to those who did develop an immune response.