Minerals combine to form sedimentary rock through a process called lithification, which involves the compaction and cementation of sediment. Sediments, derived from the weathering and erosion of pre-existing rocks, accumulate in layers and are compacted under the weight of overlying materials. Minerals in the sediment, such as quartz, calcite, and clay, can then precipitate from groundwater, acting as a cement to bind the particles together, ultimately forming solid rock. This process can take thousands to millions of years, resulting in diverse sedimentary rock types.
Sedimentary rock
The main sub-categories of sedimentary rocks are clastic, chemical, and organic. Clastic sedimentary rocks form from the accumulation and cementation of fragments of pre-existing rocks. Chemical sedimentary rocks form from the precipitation of minerals from water solutions. Organic sedimentary rocks form from the accumulation and compression of organic materials, such as plant or animal remains.
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Cement. Minerals can cement sediment particles together to form solid rock through a process called cementation in sedimentary rocks.
Evaporites are sedimentary rocks that form when dissolved minerals are left behind from an evaporated solution. Examples include rock salt (halite), gypsum, and some types of limestone.
When minerals crystallize from a solution
Rock
Sedimentary rock
rocks and minerals getting stuck together.
Calcite and silica are the two minerals that commonly act as cement in sedimentary rocks. Calcite is a form of calcium carbonate, while silica can be in the form of quartz or chert. These minerals fill the spaces between sedimentary grains, binding them together to form a solid rock.
They are called chemical sedimentary rocks. Rock salt and rock gypsum are two examples.
Sandstone is the sedimentary rock formed from weathered rock.
The rock described would be a clastic sedimentary rock.
The main sub-categories of sedimentary rocks are clastic, chemical, and organic. Clastic sedimentary rocks form from the accumulation and cementation of fragments of pre-existing rocks. Chemical sedimentary rocks form from the precipitation of minerals from water solutions. Organic sedimentary rocks form from the accumulation and compression of organic materials, such as plant or animal remains.
When heat and pressure are applied to sedimentary rock, it can change into metamorphic rock through a process called metamorphism. This process causes the original minerals in the sedimentary rock to recrystallize and form new minerals, resulting in a different texture and often a different composition.
Evaporation of a solution containing certain minerals may cause those minerals to crystalize, forming a solid.
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