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The differences shown by the individuals of one kind of organisms are called variations. Variations are due to hereditary and non-hereditary characteristics. Characteristics, which are passed from parents to off spring, are called hereditary characteristics.

In general the term variation means the difference in characteristics of organisms belonging to the same species in a natural population.

Two types of variation, i.e. continuous and discontinuous, occur in any large population. In continuous variation, there are small differences among individuals of the same species and many intermediate forms are seen. So there is a complete gradation of many characteristics of organisms from one extreme to the other in a population. E.g. height in human being. Characteristics showing continuous variation are produced due to combined effects of many genes and environmental factors.

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