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In ammonia (NH₃), nitrogen has five valence electrons and needs three more to achieve a stable outer shell, while each hydrogen atom has one valence electron. The nitrogen atom shares its three valence electrons with three hydrogen atoms, forming three covalent bonds. This sharing allows nitrogen to attain a full outer shell with eight electrons (including the shared ones), while each hydrogen achieves a stable configuration with two electrons through the shared bonding. Thus, all atoms in ammonia gain stable outer shells through these covalent interactions.
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Explain what atoms are trying to achieve in there electron shells when they bond with each outher?
Atoms are trying achieve a stable electronic configuration i.e., stable arrangement of electrons in their electron shells. All configurations are not stable. Mostly stable configuration is attained by forming an octet of electrons in outer most shell. Sometimes octet rule is violated also.
The happy atoms are the blank gases They dont react because blank?
The happy atoms are the noble gases. They don't react because their valence electron shells are full. The goal of every element is to have the most outer shell of electrons full. The first shell holds 2 electrons, and every shell after that holds 8 electrons. So helium and hydrogen both want to have 2 electrons in their outer shells. Elements like neon and argon have 8 electrons in their outer shells. Atoms like chlorine and fluorine have 7 electrons in their outer shells. This means that aren't "happy" because they want to have 8. This is why they ionically bond with atoms like sodium that have 1 electron in their outer shells. Sodium gives that electron to chlorine and now both have 8 electrons in their outer shells.
What are atoms with a complete or closed outer shell called?
Stable atoms.
How does the outer shells of two atoms that are covalently bonded?
In a covalently bonded molecule, atoms are bonded by the sharing of their electrons. When Oxygen combines with two Hydrogen, H2O is formed by two covalent bonds. Oxygen, which has 6 outer electrons, needs to gain two electrons to form a completely stable octet of electrons. Each of the Hydrogen atoms requires a single electron to complete its outer level of electrons. The resulting molecule is a angularly bonded molecule of water with two double covalent bonds: O <- oxygen shares 1 electron with each hydrogen atom // \\ <-double covalent bond H H They overlap
Why does an atom want to be stable?
Atoms want to be stable because stability leads to a lower energy state, which is more favorable. When atoms are stable, their outer electron shells are filled or partially filled, which results in a more balanced state. Atoms achieve stability by gaining, losing, or sharing electrons to reach a more stable electron configuration.
Are atoms most stable when they have partially filled shells?
No, atoms are most stable when their outermost electron shells are completely filled. This is because a full outer shell results in a lower energy state, making the atom more stable. Partially filled shells can lead to greater reactivity as atoms seek to fill or empty their outermost shell.
In order to fill their outer most shells and become more stable atoms form what?
In order to fill their outer most shells and become more stable atoms form BONDS.
What is the chemical behavior of atoms whose outer electron shells contain 8 electrons?
These atoms are very stable and unreactive.
Do atoms whose outer elecron shells contain eight electrons tend to form ionic bonds in aqueous solutions?
Atoms whose outer electron shells contain eight electrons tend to be stable and do not easily form ionic bonds in aqueous solutions. This is because they have reached the stable configuration known as the octet rule. In most cases, atoms that form ionic bonds have outer electron shells that are not fully filled with eight electrons.
Are atoms most stable when their outer shells are full?
Yes, atoms are most stable when their outer shells are full. This is because a full outer shell means that the atom has achieved maximum stability by filling all available electron orbitals, making it less likely to gain or lose electrons to achieve a full outer shell.
When a stable molecule is formed what is the configuration of its atoms' outer shells?
In a stable molecule, the atoms' outer shells are typically fully filled with electrons according to the octet rule. This means that the atoms have achieved a stable configuration by either sharing, gaining, or losing electrons to reach a full outer shell of valence electrons. This configuration makes the molecule less reactive and more stable.
Explain what atoms are trying to achieve in there electron shells when they bond with each outher?
Atoms are trying achieve a stable electronic configuration i.e., stable arrangement of electrons in their electron shells. All configurations are not stable. Mostly stable configuration is attained by forming an octet of electrons in outer most shell. Sometimes octet rule is violated also.
Which bond help with filling electrons with outer shells?
Ionic bonds help fill the outer shells of atoms by transferring electrons from one atom to another. This results in the atoms achieving a stable electron configuration similar to a noble gas.
What determines if an atom is inert or reactive?
The number of valence electrons in an atom determines if it is inert or reactive. Inert atoms have a full outer electron shell and are stable, while reactive atoms have incomplete outer electron shells and tend to react with other atoms to achieve a stable electron configuration.
Explain how and why a covalent bond is formed?
A covalent bond is formed when atoms share electrons to attain a stable electron configuration. This sharing of electrons allows both atoms to fill their outer electron shells and become more stable. Covalent bonds tend to form between nonmetal atoms that have similar electronegativities.
When atoms become ions their outer most shells of electrons become?
they add or loose electrons from the outer most shells
Are atoms more stable when combined?
No. They combine when the compound is more stable. Any system will tend to go toward a more stable state. If a molecule is less stable than the individual atoms there is a good chance it will fall apart.
