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Ash flies out of the top of it and then the air is filled with a thick smoke. The ash then spreads out and forms an ash cloud. It contains greenhouse gases such as methane and carbon dioxide, which contribute to global warming. It may result in acid when rain falls from the ash clouds. It may also block out vision after ashes haze the air.

Some eruptions have put out so much toxic gas that entire cities were killed, such as Pompeii. Some eruptions have put out enough dust to affect temperatures worldwide, as Krakatoa has done more than once.

If the resulting ash cloud is large enough, the eruption can cause a short-term cooling by blocking sunlight as it spreads throughout much of the world.

Volcanoes emit about 200 million tons of carbon dioxide into the environment each year. This seems a lot, but humans emit more than 26,000 million tons yearly from burning fossil fuels.

This CO2 emission is more than counterbalanced by eruption-released particles in the stratosphere (the haze effect reflecting the sun) and this is responsible for a much larger cooling of the greenhouse effect.

Without the cooling influence of volcanic eruptions like El Chichon (1982) and Mt. Pinatubo (1991) global warming would actually be more pronounced.

a strong volcanic eruption can cause global cooling by 1-2 degree Celsius in a span of 10 years because the pyroclasts and other particles emitted by the volcano will cover up the hole in the ozone layer, thus blocking or preventing ultra-violet rays to penetrate.

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