C-4 (composition 4) is one of the popular plastic explosive(explosive chemical mix with plastic binder). It has 2 important advantages:
Explosive material in C-4 is cyclotrimethylene-trinitramine (royal demolition explosive / RDX). Cyclotrimethylene-trinitramine was first prepared in 1899 from nitric acid and methenamine by Henning. The flow chart below (PLease refer to reference below) shows the synthesis method uses methenamine (hexamethylenetetramine).
Besides the method above, cyclotrimethylene-trinitramine can also be synthesized from formaldehyde, ammonium nitrate and acetic anhydride. (Method developed by Ross and Schiessler' in 1940's)
Normally, C-4 is made up of explosives, plastic binder, plasticizer and, usually, marker or taggant chemicals such as 2,3-dimethyl-2,3-dinitrobutane (DMDNB) to help detect the explosive and identify its source. In 2004, Kenneth E. Lee discovered a reformulation of composition C-4 explosive for superior energetic performance and flexibility. (US Patent: 6887324)
Reference:
How C-4 explosive is made. Life Chemistry. Retrieved June 30, 2008, from http://life-chemistry.blogspot.com/2008/06/how-c-4-explosive-is-made.HTML
It is explosive (it is a stratovolcano). In a worst-case scenario, more than 400,000 people would have to be evacuated from the proximity of the volcano: up to 30 km / 19 mi from the cone.
Explosive efficiency refers to the effectiveness of an explosive material in converting stored energy into a high-energy blast or shock wave when detonated. It is typically measured by the amount of work done per unit mass of explosive used. A more efficient explosive will produce a greater output of energy per unit of input.
Yes, nitromethane is more explosive than gasoline. Nitromethane has a higher energy density and burns more quickly, making it a popular choice in drag racing and other high-performance applications. However, nitromethane is also more unstable and requires special handling and precautions due to its highly explosive nature.
Not usually. Explosive eruptions are more often to magma with high or moderate silica levels.
Yes, far more explosive. The eruption of Krakatoa was more than 10 times larger than the 1980 eruption of Mount St Helens.
Volcanoes with more viscosity are more explosive.
Yes, hydrogen is more explosive than gasoline.
Yes. More gas trapped in magma leads to a more explosive eruption. Water vapor is the most abundant gas in magma.
brass
It requires an explosive force to hurl and fragment the molten rock like that. Non explosive eruptions extrude rock more "gently".
It is explosive (it is a stratovolcano). In a worst-case scenario, more than 400,000 people would have to be evacuated from the proximity of the volcano: up to 30 km / 19 mi from the cone.
Explosive efficiency refers to the effectiveness of an explosive material in converting stored energy into a high-energy blast or shock wave when detonated. It is typically measured by the amount of work done per unit mass of explosive used. A more efficient explosive will produce a greater output of energy per unit of input.
Yes, nitromethane is more explosive than gasoline. Nitromethane has a higher energy density and burns more quickly, making it a popular choice in drag racing and other high-performance applications. However, nitromethane is also more unstable and requires special handling and precautions due to its highly explosive nature.
Not usually. Explosive eruptions are more often to magma with high or moderate silica levels.
Yes, far more explosive. The eruption of Krakatoa was more than 10 times larger than the 1980 eruption of Mount St Helens.
an explosive eruption is more likely.
In general gasoline is not more explosive then gas although it depends on the conditions and the gas. Probably you are referring to natural gas, the gas piped into homes which is predominantly methane. In general flammable gasses are more explosive than flammable liquids because they are mixed up with atmospheric oxygen. This is why modern cars have fuel injection which sprays the petrol to make it more easily combustible. In fact liquid petrol is not explosive at all but because it is volatile a layer of vapour forms above the surface of the liquid which is explosive. The mix of fuel and oxygen is the critical factor in whether something is explosive. Some gases, such as the noble gases are not flammable at all.