-54.6 kJ
ΔG = (-1218.3) - (298)(-29.9)(1/1000)
**apex**
-225.3 kj
δg = (-905.4) - (298)(180.5)(1/1000)
29.54 kJ
ΔG°rxn = (1 mol)(65.27 kJ/mol) + (2 mol)(-33.56 kJ/mol) - (1 mol)(-50.72 kJ/mol) - (4 mol)(238.3 kJ/mol)
The heat change for a chemical equation is the difference in enthalpy between the reactants and the products. It can be calculated by determining the sum of the enthalpies of formation for all the products and subtracting the sum of the enthalpies of formation for all the reactants. This value indicates whether a reaction releases heat (exothermic) or absorbs heat (endothermic).
When chemical changes occur, the atoms are rearranged and the reaction is accompanied by an energy change as new products are generated. Eg of a chemical change is the reaction between sodium hydroxide and hydrogen chloride to produce sodium chloride, or common salt.
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To calculate the enthalpy change of formation from combustion, you can use Hess's law, which states that the total enthalpy change for a reaction is the sum of the enthalpy changes for individual steps. First, determine the enthalpy change for the combustion reaction using a calorimeter or from standard enthalpy values. Then, apply the equation: ΔH_f = ΔH_combustion + Σ(ΔH_f of products) - Σ(ΔH_f of reactants), where ΔH_f is the standard enthalpy of formation. This allows you to derive the enthalpy of formation for the desired compound based on its combustion data.
The Gibbs free energy change is calculated from the expression Δ G = Δ H - T(Δ S) For the formation of ammonia N2 + 3H2 --> 2 NH3 you need to find the enthalpy and entropy changes, which are Δ H (formation) = - 45.92 kJ/mol Δ S (formation) = - 98.39 J/mol/K Substituting into the first equation, remembering to divide the entropy value by 1000 because it's in J per mol per kelvin, not kJ, and converting the 25 degrees C to kelvin, we get: Δ G = -45.92 kJ http://www.docbrown.info/page07/delta3SGc.htm
When copper chloride reacts with aluminum foil, a chemical change occurs. This reaction results in the formation of copper metal and aluminum chloride. The color change (from blue to brown/red) and the formation of a solid precipitate are indicators of a chemical reaction taking place.
-225.3 KJ
The net ionic equation for silver chloride (AgCl) reacting with aqueous ammonia (NH3) solution is: Ag+ (from AgCl) + 2NH3 -> Ag(NH3)2+ + Cl- where only the species that undergo a change are included. This represents the formation of a complex ion silver ammine ion.
The formation of salt is a chemical change because it involves the rearrangement of atoms and the formation of new chemical bonds between sodium and chloride ions. This results in a new substance with different properties from the original sodium and chloride ions.
Adding calcium chloride to sodium carbonate would be a chemical change because it results in the formation of new substances (calcium carbonate and sodium chloride) with different chemical properties than the original reactants.
Silver chloride turns a gray or violet color when exposed to sunlight due to the formation of elemental silver.
Formation of a precipitate is evidence of a chemical reaction.
The net ionic equation for silver nitrate and sodium chloride is: Ag⁺(aq) + Cl⁻(aq) → AgCl(s) This equation shows the formation of a white precipitate of silver chloride when silver nitrate and sodium chloride are mixed together in aqueous solution.
A positive test for phenols using ferric chloride is recognized by the formation of a colored complex. When phenols react with ferric chloride, a deep purple or blue color indicates the presence of phenols. This color change occurs due to the formation of an iron-phenol complex.
The enthalpy of formation of aqueous potassium chloride is approximately -436.1 kJ/mol. This value represents the energy change when 1 mole of potassium chloride is formed in its standard state from its elements in their standard states at 25°C and 1 atm.
The color change in the reaction between ferric chloride and phenol occurs due to the formation of a complex between the two compounds. This complex has a different absorption spectrum compared to the individual compounds, resulting in a visible color change.
The heat change for a chemical equation is the difference in enthalpy between the reactants and the products. It can be calculated by determining the sum of the enthalpies of formation for all the products and subtracting the sum of the enthalpies of formation for all the reactants. This value indicates whether a reaction releases heat (exothermic) or absorbs heat (endothermic).