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Adding water does not always decrease pH. pH is a measure of the concentration of hydrogen ions, also called hydronium ions. They are inversely related. More hydrogen ions means a lower pH.

A base has a pH greater than 7 (neutral) because it has an increased amount of hydroxide ions which causes a lower amount of hydrogen ions. Adding more water to a base solution causes the concentration of the hydroxide ions to become less, thus due to equilibrium, causing the hydrogen ion concentration to increase. This does cause pH to become less ... decrease.

But an acid solution does the exact opposite when water is added. It already has a large concentration of hydrogen ions, but as water is added the concentration decreases and this causes pH to increase.

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What is the respiratory mechanism of pH control?

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