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There are several kinds of compressors--reciprocating, screw, centrifugal. We'll use a reciprocating compressor in this example. It's got a piston moving back and forth in a cylinder to compress the air. (It's like a car engine, and you can get a kit to turn an old Volkswagen engine into a compressor.) This assembly is called a stage. The cheapest compressors are single-stage units--they have one piston and cylinder. The air from the atmosphere is sucked into the assembly, compressed then sent to the tank. Next come two-stage compressors, which have a low-pressure stage and a high-pressure stage. The air from the first stage is compressed again by the second stage, which gives more pressure with less stress on the unit. It's easier on the compressor to take air from 2 atmospheres to 4 than it is to go from 1 atmosphere to 4. A three-stage compressor takes this doubly compressed air and compresses it again, and a four-stage compressor has a fourth compression step. Most of the people who buy three-stage compressors fill diving tanks with them--you need to be able to make 5000 psi to fill a diving tank, and three-stage compressors are good for that.

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