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There are cells called guard cells on the tiny pores (stomata) on the underside of a leaf. According to the status of the gases inside the leaf cells, and the outside conditions, the guard cells allow air into the pores. This brings in carbon dioxide and releases oxygen, but also releases water vapor. This transpiration process can be used to cool the leaf as needed.

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Where does gaseous exchange take place in a leaf'?

stomata


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By what mechanism does gaseous exchange occur?

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The spongy layer in a plant leaf facilitate better gaseous exchange for photosynthesis and respiration.


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Why are the spaces in the spongy mesophyll important?

I had to find the answer to the question too. I think it is to allow gases to diffuse around the cells. It is too important for the gases oxygen when respiring and carbon dioxide when photosynthesis and water during transpiration


How does lower epidermis adapt to do it job in the leaf?

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