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During peristalsis, the esophageal sphincter allows the food bolus to pass into the stomach. It prevents chyme, a mixture of bolus, stomach acid, and digestive enzymes, from returning up the esophagus. An overly loose esophageal sphincter leads to heart burn because the stomach acid "burns" the esophagus. An overly tight esophageal sphincter is known as achalasia and leads to pain on swallowing, regurgitation of food, and cheat pain.

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