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Who discovered the ozone layer depletion?
Chloroflourocarbons were first created in 1928 and first marketted in the 1930's. They grew in popularity as non-toxic refrigerants, so about by 1988 consumption was a billion kg a year. Stratospheric ozone levels have been measured since 1956. In 1974 M.J.Molina and F.S.Rowland published a paper indicating that ozone and the chlorine from CFCs could interact to destroy the ozone if UV light was present. In May of 1985 Farman, Gardinar and Shanklin. published a report in Nature showing that ozone levels had dropped to 10% below normal January levels for Antarctica. Reworking old data indicated that there was evidence for the global ozone depletion as far back as 1976. In 1989 Anderson, J.G., W.H. Brune, M.H. Proffett, published in the Journal of Geophysical Research that ClO had been detected in the atmosphere, showing that CFCs were contributing to ozone depletion.
What has caused the ozone loss over the past 50 years?
Ozone levels have been decreasing because of ozone depleting chemicals like chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs). Thanks to worldwide agreement and compliance with the 1987 UN Montreal Protocol (which agreed to phase out ozone depleting chemicals) global ozone depletion is no longer increasing. The Montreal Protocol is the most (some would say only) successful international agreement and scientists hope the ozone layer will have completely recovered by 2060.
What are the solutions to the problem of ozone depletion?
We could stop making chemicals that destroy ozone. We could stop buying products that are made in countries that are not bound by agreements to reduce or eliminate ozone destroying chemicals. About 2/3 of the man-made ozone destruction is related to CFC-11 and CFC-12.
What is ozone depleetion?
The ozone depletion refers to the thinning of ozone layer due to a no. of factors which include the man made and the natural ones. The natural depletion does not contribute to the ozone hole as the rate of formation of ozone hole is in equilibrium with the depletion. However due to the use of the harmful chlorofluorocarbons by the human beings the rate of depletion of ozone is increasing considerably thus leaving the rate of formation far behind. This difference in the formation rate and depletion rate leads to ozone hole.
How far depletion in ozone layer?
The depletion of the ozone layer has been at its worst around the poles, particularly over Antarctica, resulting in the formation of an ozone hole. The ozone layer has been thinning globally as a result of human activities releasing ozone-depleting substances such as chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) and halons into the atmosphere. International efforts like the Montreal Protocol have been successful in reducing the use of these substances, leading to gradual recovery of the ozone layer.
Who discovered the ozone layer depletion?
Chloroflourocarbons were first created in 1928 and first marketted in the 1930's. They grew in popularity as non-toxic refrigerants, so about by 1988 consumption was a billion kg a year. Stratospheric ozone levels have been measured since 1956. In 1974 M.J.Molina and F.S.Rowland published a paper indicating that ozone and the chlorine from CFCs could interact to destroy the ozone if UV light was present. In May of 1985 Farman, Gardinar and Shanklin. published a report in Nature showing that ozone levels had dropped to 10% below normal January levels for Antarctica. Reworking old data indicated that there was evidence for the global ozone depletion as far back as 1976. In 1989 Anderson, J.G., W.H. Brune, M.H. Proffett, published in the Journal of Geophysical Research that ClO had been detected in the atmosphere, showing that CFCs were contributing to ozone depletion.
Actions to address environmental health?
As far as ozone depletion goes, see the link below "What can we do to protect the ozone layer?"
What has caused the ozone loss over the past 50 years?
Ozone levels have been decreasing because of ozone depleting chemicals like chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs). Thanks to worldwide agreement and compliance with the 1987 UN Montreal Protocol (which agreed to phase out ozone depleting chemicals) global ozone depletion is no longer increasing. The Montreal Protocol is the most (some would say only) successful international agreement and scientists hope the ozone layer will have completely recovered by 2060.
How far have regulations put in place to control ozone depletion been successful?
Regulations have been placed but not up to that level. We need to be more strict about depletion.
What are the solutions to the problem of ozone depletion?
We could stop making chemicals that destroy ozone. We could stop buying products that are made in countries that are not bound by agreements to reduce or eliminate ozone destroying chemicals. About 2/3 of the man-made ozone destruction is related to CFC-11 and CFC-12.
What is ozone depleetion?
The ozone depletion refers to the thinning of ozone layer due to a no. of factors which include the man made and the natural ones. The natural depletion does not contribute to the ozone hole as the rate of formation of ozone hole is in equilibrium with the depletion. However due to the use of the harmful chlorofluorocarbons by the human beings the rate of depletion of ozone is increasing considerably thus leaving the rate of formation far behind. This difference in the formation rate and depletion rate leads to ozone hole.
How far depletion in ozone layer?
The depletion of the ozone layer has been at its worst around the poles, particularly over Antarctica, resulting in the formation of an ozone hole. The ozone layer has been thinning globally as a result of human activities releasing ozone-depleting substances such as chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) and halons into the atmosphere. International efforts like the Montreal Protocol have been successful in reducing the use of these substances, leading to gradual recovery of the ozone layer.
What gases are responsible for ozone layer depletion?
Natural causes of ozone depletion are the OH- ion and the NO- ion however these have been depleting the ozone layer at a sustainable level since it was formed.In the mid 70s it was discovered that the ozone layer was being depleted and the hunt was on for the cause. Very quickly chlorofluorocarbons and bromo-fluro-carbons were found to be the culprits.These gases were primarily used in aerosol cans, air conditioning units, refrigeration cooling units and to clean circuit boards. Once released into the atmosphere ultraviolet radiation causes the CFCs and BFCs to split and release the dangerous Cl- and Br- ions into the ozone layer.These ions are highly reactive and readily split ozone to form oxygen molecules. Unless they react with other substances such as hydrogen chlorine and bromine ions can continue to catalyse the break down of ozone for a number of years.CFCs were banned for use in aerosols in the USA in the 70s but public and political opinion over a widespread reduction was muted and apathetic for nearly a decade until new discoveries were made in Antarctica. Atmospheric scientists discovered that the southern continent had a hole in its ozone layer and that it was growing and caused by BFCs and CFCs. Further studies discovered a hole over the north pole too.These new discoveries prompted an international movement not simply to reduce the level of CFC and BFC output as had been mooted for years but to completely and utterly ban them except for the most vital uses. In less than a decade this goal was achieved.One of the replacements hydro-chloro-fluro-carbons are less damaging but still contribute some damage to the ozone layer. New disposal laws came into force to help with the recycling of many materials containing HCFCs, CFCs and BFCs to avoid the release of these into the environment. Unfortunately due to the cost most 3rd world countries don't follow these procedures and, in fact, many of the 1st world countries have vast backlogs of refrigerators and freezers requiring recycling that are slowly leaking their coolant into the atmosphere.The effect on plant and animal life has been marked. The human cost has been indisputable with marked rises in skin cancer at most latitudes particularly in the extremes of the North and South. Some South American cities have had to cope with having no ozone layer for years.Hydro-fluro-carbons have replaced HCFCs for many applications but whilst these don't damage the ozone layer they are greenhouse gases and contribute to climate change.
Which gas destroy the ozone layer?
The thinning of the southern hemisphere's ozone layer that occurs each year is due to a lack of sunlight hitting this region. The worst "hole" that we know of occurred in 1838 due to high solar activity. There are some groups that believe that cfc's are reaching this layer and causing some issues. The problems with this concept is the levels of cfc's in the atmosphere and the location and reason for the thinning of the layer.The group of gases that are known to degrade ozone *when sunlight strikes them*, are molecules that contain chlorine or bromine. Sunlight (less energetic than UV-B) breaks off the chlorine or bromine, they end up creating an ozone decay path, and the sunlight reactivates them.Water vapor alone, without sunlight, will destroy ozone, and reset spontaneously to destroy ozone.So the only "group" that contains both is "ozone depleting substances".
How far air pollution depleted the ozone layer?
Air pollution primarily depletes the ozone layer through the release of chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) and other ozone-depleting substances. These compounds break down ozone molecules in the stratosphere, leading to the thinning of the ozone layer. Subsequent international agreements, such as the Montreal Protocol, have successfully reduced the emissions of these harmful substances, allowing the ozone layer to slowly recover.
What is the situation of ozone layer?
Always best to consult one of the watch sites... Colorado State University is one of the participating members in a program designed to answer your question. see the links below. Record sized Antarctic ozone hole in 2007, near record in 2008, 2009 season yet-to-occur. The ozone hole heals when it is not winter at either the north or south pole. But the ozone layer is where UV-B is or is not absorbed by the amount of ozone along a vertical path. Ozone is still allowing more UV-B to arrive at the Earth's surface, so it appears that the ozone layer has not healed itself. The ozone layer is self-healing. Depletion means that it gets thinner at equilibrium, when contaminants destroy ozone before sunlight gets a chance to. A way to measure the average thickness of the ozone between the Sun and any point on Earth's surface is to measure the amount of UV-B that arrives at a sensor at the surface. The size of the ozone hole is another indicator. There is no indication that the ozone layer will reach some catastrophic failure point. So far it has shown to be a slow decrease in available ozone to block UV-B, allowing more UV-B to reach Earth's surface.
What type of things can destroy the ozone layer?
Chemicals such as chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs), and halons can destroy the ozone layer. These chemicals are often found in refrigerants, solvents, and foam-blowing agents. Ultraviolet radiation from the sun can also contribute to ozone depletion.
