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Glycolysis:

A cell can harvest energy from food by cellular respiration. Both start with the same first step: the process of glycolysis which is the breakdown or splitting of glucose (6 carbons) into two 3-carbon molecules called pyruvic acid. The energy from other sugars, such as fructose, is also harvested using this process. Glycolysis is probably the oldest known way of producing ATP. There is evidence that the process of glycolysis predates the existence of O2 in the Earth's atmosphere and organelles in cells:

* Glycolysis does not need oxygen as part of any of its chemical reactions. It serves as a first step in a variety of both aerobic and anaerobic energy-harvesting reactions.

* Glycolysis happens in the cytoplasm of cells, not in some specialized organelle.

* Glycolysis is the one metabolic pathway found in all living organisms.

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