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Photosynthetically fixed carbon is lost through photorespiration when the enzyme RuBisCO catalyzes the reaction of ribulose bisphosphate (RuBP) with oxygen instead of carbon dioxide. This process leads to the production of a two-carbon compound that is subsequently converted into carbon dioxide, resulting in a net loss of fixed carbon. Photorespiration is more likely to occur under conditions of high oxygen concentration and low carbon dioxide concentration, ultimately reducing the efficiency of photosynthesis. As a consequence, plants may experience decreased growth and productivity, especially in hot, arid environments.

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