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Phloem cells are adapted for their function in transporting nutrients, particularly sugars, throughout the plant. They have specialized structures like sieve tubes, which lack nuclei and are connected by sieve plates, allowing for efficient flow of sap. Companion cells, which are closely associated with sieve elements, provide metabolic support and help regulate the movement of substances. Additionally, phloem has a flexible cell wall, enabling it to withstand pressure changes during transport.

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