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By atomic models I assume you mean how we say an atom works and is arranged.

There have been three major atomic models in history:

The plum-pudding model said that negatively-charged particles (the precursor to electrons) were suspended in a positively-charged "soup" (the plum pudding).

Rutheford disproved this model with his experiments, which led to Niels Bohr inventing the Bohr model of the atom, which has electrons orbiting the nucleus in predefined orbits (called "orbitals"). Although we know that the Bohr model is incorrect, it is very close to the correct (quantum-mechanical) model, so that's what is taught in most elementary and high schools.

Nowadays, only the third model is considered correct: the quantum mechanical model. It is based on Max Planck's quantum theory and involves electrons flying around in three-dimensional clouds (also called "orbitals"). The QM model is pretty complex but it's rather simple compared to string theory and other physics concepts.

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