2
3 ATP per NADH and 2 ATP per FADH2 through oxidative phosphyrolation in mitochondria
If 2 NADH molecules were produced in glycolysis, it means that 1 glucose molecule was broken down. Each glucose molecule yields 2 NADH molecules during glycolysis.
During cellular respiration, one molecule of pyruvate is converted into one molecule of acetyl-CoA before entering the Krebs cycle. This conversion reduces one molecule of NAD to NADH. In the Krebs cycle, each acetyl-CoA generates three NADH and one FADH2. Therefore, from one pyruvate, a total of four NADH and one FADH2 are produced.
They are used in the production of ATP, the 'energy currency' of the cell. FADH2 and NADH have the very important role of being electron carriers for the electron transport chain. Both are used at key points in glycolysis and/or the Kreb's cycle. FADH2 : Carries electrons in the form of hydrogen atoms (1 proton and 1 electron) with 0 net charge. With 2 hydrogens FAD may use these electrons one at a time or 2 at a time, depending on which ever process it is in. NADH : Carries it's electrons in the form of hydrides (1 proton and 2 electrons) with -1 net charge. Since these electrons are in the hydride form they both must be used at the same time, there isn't an option to use 1 OR 2 only 2 electrons.
NADH is a coenzyme form of vitamin B3 that plays a key role in cellular energy production. It acts as a carrier of electrons in the electron transport chain, helping to generate ATP, the energy currency of the cell. Its reduced form, NADH, donates electrons to the chain to drive the production of ATP.
The electron transport chain is also known as the respiratory chain. NADH carries electrons in the form of hydrogen atoms to the electron transport chain.
6
There are 16 electrons in an O2 molecule. Each oxygen atom contributes 8 electrons, totaling 16 electrons in the molecule.
In glycolysis of cellular respiration, NADH produces 2ATP because one ATP is used to transport a molecule of NADH into the mitochondria and continue with aerobic respiration. However, in pyruvate decarboxylation and the Krebs cycle, each NADH yields 3ATPs. FADH2 yields 2 ATPs.
30 from one glucose molecule breakdown
3 ATP per NADH and 2 ATP per FADH2 through oxidative phosphyrolation in mitochondria
If 2 NADH molecules were produced in glycolysis, it means that 1 glucose molecule was broken down. Each glucose molecule yields 2 NADH molecules during glycolysis.
There are 16 electrons in an oxygen molecule as each oxygen atom has 8 electrons.
In my textbook it says that 1 molecule of ATP and 3 molecules of NADH are made from 1 molecule of pyruvate, via the citric acid cycle. However, since the question is asking for 1 molecule of GLUCOSE, the answer would be 2 ATP and 6 NADH since the oxidation of glucose produces TWO molecules of pyruvate, the amount of ATP and NADH would have to be doubled. I actually have this EXACT question on my exam... hmmm... do I know you by chance? o__O
During cellular respiration, one molecule of pyruvate is converted into one molecule of acetyl-CoA before entering the Krebs cycle. This conversion reduces one molecule of NAD to NADH. In the Krebs cycle, each acetyl-CoA generates three NADH and one FADH2. Therefore, from one pyruvate, a total of four NADH and one FADH2 are produced.
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Two NAD+ molecules are needed for the breakdown of each glucose molecule during glycolysis. NAD+ is reduced to NADH during certain reactions in glycolysis, allowing it to carry electrons to the electron transport chain for further energy production.