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Germanium, a group 14 element, has four valence electrons. In its most common oxidation state (+4), it forms four covalent bonds with surrounding atoms, using all of its valence electrons. Consequently, Germanium has no lone pairs in this state. However, in certain compounds or coordination complexes, the number of bonds and lone pairs can vary depending on the specific bonding scenario.

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Germanium (Ge) has four valence electrons and can form four bonds by sharing these electrons. In its most common oxidation state, +4, germanium typically forms four covalent bonds with other atoms, resulting in no lone pairs. However, in certain compounds or coordination complexes, it can exhibit lone pairs depending on its hybridization and bonding environment.


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