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What is the maximum number of electrons that a representative element can possess?
The maximum number of electrons that a representative element can possess is 8. This is because the outermost electron shell of these elements can hold a maximum of 8 electrons in order to achieve a stable electron configuration.
Why is second electron affinity for halogens is zero?
All of the halogens are one electron short of having all of their atomic orbitals filled to reach an atom's state of nirvana. This explains why, in general, halide chemistry is such that halogens so willingly literally accept one electron in their ionic formulations and formally accept one electron or share a pair of electrons in the vast majority of their predominately covalent compounds. Halogens have no affinity for accepting a second electron because once a halogen atom has accepted once electron, all of its atomic orbitals each contain two electrons and are thus full. Any element with all its atomic orbitals filled has the equivalent electronic configuration of a noble gas and is in its most stable electronic state.What follows is very important to understand. It appears that many chemistry students do not know this fact probably because most textbooks and instructors do not explicitly point it out or they do a poor job emphasizing it: Elements only possess the atomic orbitals defined by the row in which an element exists in the Periodic Table.In many compounds, a particular element may possess one or more empty atomic orbitals in its electronic ground state. Students who have completed the first semester of general chemistry were presented with, and expected to understand, what atomic orbitals each element has. They should also know the order in which a given element's orbitals are progressively occupied by electrons when that element is in its ground electronic state and that orbitals with the lowest energy are filled first. It is also important to understand that the theoretical order of atomic orbitals in elements heavier than argon may be in a different order. This effect, when it occurs, is due to electron-electron repulsions about the element's nucleus.Let's look at a 2nd row element as an example. How about nitrogen? Because it's a 2nd row element, nitrogen has two "shells" of atomic orbitals and a total of five orbitals; however only electrons in the outer shell of orbitals may participate in chemical bonding. The 1st shell of electrons consists only of the 1s orbital. Like all atomic orbitals, the 1s orbital can hold a maximum of two electrons, which is denoted by the superscript in the orbital's designation, as in 1s2. Starting from the 1st element in the 2nd row and counting each element up to and including nitrogen shows that the outer shell of orbitals on nitrogen contains five electrons. Assuming that no electron-electron interactions alter the respective theoretical energy levels of the five orbitals (This does not occur in any of the 2nd row elements), the atomic orbitals on nitrogen are, in increasing energy: [1s2], 2s2, 2px1, 2py1, 2pz1. The three 2p orbitals have the same energy and are filled with one electron first before any of them takes on a second electron. Note that the first p orbitals, and the ones lowest in energy, are the 2p orbitals. There is simply no such thing as a 1p orbital. The 2p orbitals could have been named 1p orbitals. Everyone who first applied quantum mechanics to the hydrogen atom in order to describe its atomic emission spectrum, and, not long thereafter, the number and energy levels of an atom's electrons, are no longer with us. Nevertheless, the reason for the seemingly strange numerical designations is almost certainly because the quantum numbers that are solutions to the wave equation corresponding to the number and shape of the atomic orbitals begin with "2" for the p orbitals, "3" for the d orbitals, etc., and perhaps the people who discovered and published all of these findings decided not to change the numerical designations.The point I hope I made is that the five atomic orbitals shown for nitrogen are all it has. In addition to s and p atomic orbitals, there exists d and f orbitals, but not for nitrogen or any other second-row element. Therefore, once the 2s and 2p orbitals are filled, nitrogen cannot accept or share another additional electron because there is no atomic orbital in which it can be placed.
The reason there are fourteen different f-block elements in a period can be described by what statements?
The f-block elements have 14 elements in a period because the f orbital in the f-block can hold a maximum of 14 electrons. This results in 14 elements being accommodated in one row or period of the f-block in the periodic table.
What is another name for electron shells?
Another name for electron shells is energy levels. These levels represent distinct regions where electrons are located around an atom's nucleus, with each level corresponding to a different amount of energy that the electrons possess.
How many 3p electrons does a Cl1- anion possess?
A Cl⁻ anion has gained one electron compared to a neutral chlorine atom. A neutral chlorine atom has 7 valence electrons, with the electron configuration of [Ne] 3s² 3p⁵. Therefore, in the Cl⁻ anion, there are 6 electrons in the 3p subshell, as it now has a total of 8 valence electrons (3s² 3p⁶).
What is the maximum number of electrons that a representative element can possess?
The maximum number of electrons that a representative element can possess is 8. This is because the outermost electron shell of these elements can hold a maximum of 8 electrons in order to achieve a stable electron configuration.
How many proton's neutron's and electron's does lithium possess?
3 protons, 3 electrons and 4 neutrons
What kind of charge will nonmetal possess when it gains electron?
Since electrons are negatively charged, a nonmetal which gains an electron will also become negatively charged.
Why is second electron affinity for halogens is zero?
All of the halogens are one electron short of having all of their atomic orbitals filled to reach an atom's state of nirvana. This explains why, in general, halide chemistry is such that halogens so willingly literally accept one electron in their ionic formulations and formally accept one electron or share a pair of electrons in the vast majority of their predominately covalent compounds. Halogens have no affinity for accepting a second electron because once a halogen atom has accepted once electron, all of its atomic orbitals each contain two electrons and are thus full. Any element with all its atomic orbitals filled has the equivalent electronic configuration of a noble gas and is in its most stable electronic state.What follows is very important to understand. It appears that many chemistry students do not know this fact probably because most textbooks and instructors do not explicitly point it out or they do a poor job emphasizing it: Elements only possess the atomic orbitals defined by the row in which an element exists in the Periodic Table.In many compounds, a particular element may possess one or more empty atomic orbitals in its electronic ground state. Students who have completed the first semester of general chemistry were presented with, and expected to understand, what atomic orbitals each element has. They should also know the order in which a given element's orbitals are progressively occupied by electrons when that element is in its ground electronic state and that orbitals with the lowest energy are filled first. It is also important to understand that the theoretical order of atomic orbitals in elements heavier than argon may be in a different order. This effect, when it occurs, is due to electron-electron repulsions about the element's nucleus.Let's look at a 2nd row element as an example. How about nitrogen? Because it's a 2nd row element, nitrogen has two "shells" of atomic orbitals and a total of five orbitals; however only electrons in the outer shell of orbitals may participate in chemical bonding. The 1st shell of electrons consists only of the 1s orbital. Like all atomic orbitals, the 1s orbital can hold a maximum of two electrons, which is denoted by the superscript in the orbital's designation, as in 1s2. Starting from the 1st element in the 2nd row and counting each element up to and including nitrogen shows that the outer shell of orbitals on nitrogen contains five electrons. Assuming that no electron-electron interactions alter the respective theoretical energy levels of the five orbitals (This does not occur in any of the 2nd row elements), the atomic orbitals on nitrogen are, in increasing energy: [1s2], 2s2, 2px1, 2py1, 2pz1. The three 2p orbitals have the same energy and are filled with one electron first before any of them takes on a second electron. Note that the first p orbitals, and the ones lowest in energy, are the 2p orbitals. There is simply no such thing as a 1p orbital. The 2p orbitals could have been named 1p orbitals. Everyone who first applied quantum mechanics to the hydrogen atom in order to describe its atomic emission spectrum, and, not long thereafter, the number and energy levels of an atom's electrons, are no longer with us. Nevertheless, the reason for the seemingly strange numerical designations is almost certainly because the quantum numbers that are solutions to the wave equation corresponding to the number and shape of the atomic orbitals begin with "2" for the p orbitals, "3" for the d orbitals, etc., and perhaps the people who discovered and published all of these findings decided not to change the numerical designations.The point I hope I made is that the five atomic orbitals shown for nitrogen are all it has. In addition to s and p atomic orbitals, there exists d and f orbitals, but not for nitrogen or any other second-row element. Therefore, once the 2s and 2p orbitals are filled, nitrogen cannot accept or share another additional electron because there is no atomic orbital in which it can be placed.
The reason there are fourteen different f-block elements in a period can be described by what statements?
The f-block elements have 14 elements in a period because the f orbital in the f-block can hold a maximum of 14 electrons. This results in 14 elements being accommodated in one row or period of the f-block in the periodic table.
Which of the following ions or atoms possess paramagnetic properties Ar S2- S F- Zn?
The ions or atoms with paramagnetic properties are: S and Zn. Ar, S2-, F-, do not exhibit paramagnetic properties because they have all of their electrons paired up in their orbitals. Zn has incompletely filled d-orbitals, making it paramagnetic.
What charge do electrons possess?
Electrons possess a negative charge.
Why are f-block elements called inner transition elements?
F-block elements are called inner transition elements because they have partially filled f orbitals, which are part of the inner electron shell. These elements typically have electrons filling the f orbitals after the d orbitals, hence the term "inner transition."
Where are the electrons that possess the least amount of energy located in a calcium atom in the ground state?
The electrons with the least amount of energy in a calcium atom in the ground state are located in the innermost electron shell, closest to the nucleus. These electrons have lower energy levels as they are shielded by the outer electron shells.
What is another name for electron shells?
Another name for electron shells is energy levels. These levels represent distinct regions where electrons are located around an atom's nucleus, with each level corresponding to a different amount of energy that the electrons possess.
Is nitrogen molecule diamagnetic?
No, nitrogen is paramagnetic because it has 3 unpaired electrons in the 2p orbital. Electron configuration: 1s^2 2s^2 2p^3 There are three orbitals in the p orbital and they must be filled singly first before they can be paired and because there is only 3 electrons for 3 orbitals, all of them are unpaired.
How many 3p electrons does a Cl1- anion possess?
A Cl⁻ anion has gained one electron compared to a neutral chlorine atom. A neutral chlorine atom has 7 valence electrons, with the electron configuration of [Ne] 3s² 3p⁵. Therefore, in the Cl⁻ anion, there are 6 electrons in the 3p subshell, as it now has a total of 8 valence electrons (3s² 3p⁶).
