Aphelion is 152,098,232 km (the distance when the Earth is furthest from the Sun in July) at that point it is moving slowest: 29,300 m/s.
Perihelion is 147,098,290 km (in January when the Earth is closest to the Sun) the orbital speed is greatest: 30,300 m/s.
the earths orbit because the earths orbit is the size of earth + the size of the moon
The amount of sunlight reaching a location at a particular time is determined by Earth's shape, axial tilt, rotation, and orbit around the sun. These factors affect the angle at which sunlight hits the Earth's surface, leading to variations in day length and intensity of sunlight throughout the year.
Jupiter's year is longer than Earth's year because it is further away from the sun and takes more time to complete one orbit. Jupiter's distance from the sun means it has a larger orbit to travel around, which results in a longer year.
No. Mars is a planet and thus much smaller than any star. Stars cannot orbit planets. However, Mars does orbit the sun, which is a star.
Yes, Pluto does orbit the Sun. It follows an elliptical orbit, much like the other planets in our solar system, albeit with a more elongated and tilted path due to its unique orbit.
the earths orbit because the earths orbit is the size of earth + the size of the moon
The amount of sunlight reaching a location at a particular time is determined by Earth's shape, axial tilt, rotation, and orbit around the sun. These factors affect the angle at which sunlight hits the Earth's surface, leading to variations in day length and intensity of sunlight throughout the year.
They are, but are held in Earth's orbit because of their much closer position to the Earth.
The Moon orbits around the Earth because it is under the gravitational influence of Earth. This gravitational force between the Earth and the Moon keeps the Moon in orbit around the Earth. The Sun's gravitational force is much stronger, but the Moon's orbit around the Earth is stable due to the balance between these gravitational forces.
That would be roughly 16minutes 40seconds .
Not much would change. Note that the seasons are NOT related to changes in the distance from the Sun.
27.7 days
Please be specific about which planet.
It isn't clear what you mean with "other orbit". Note that the statement that the Sun is "in the middle of" Earth's orbit is not entirely precise. Earth moves around the Sun in an ellipse; the Suns is in one of the focal points. This is NOT the center of the ellipse. Also, the entire Solar System moves around the center of mass, which is NOT exactly the center of the Sun. This is because, even though the Sun has much more mass than all the planets together, it does not have infinitely more mass.
29.5 earth years
Jupiter's year is longer than Earth's year because it is further away from the sun and takes more time to complete one orbit. Jupiter's distance from the sun means it has a larger orbit to travel around, which results in a longer year.
Yes, the moon is very, very slowly moving farther away from earth on average, by about 3.8 m per century, or 3.8 cm per year. This is because of some tidal/frictional effects of the moon's orbit that are not very easy to explain. While this is happening, there is still perigee and apogee to the moon's orbit; during every lunar orbit the moon has a closest (perigee) and farthest (apogee) approach to earth.