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Viruses lack cellular machinery and cannot synthesize proteins on their own. Instead, they hijack the host cell's ribosomes and other cellular components upon infection. Once inside a host cell, the viral genome (either RNA or DNA) is transcribed and translated into viral proteins using the host's cellular machinery, enabling the virus to replicate and assemble new viral particles.
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Do Interferons work against viruses?
Yes, interferons are proteins produced by the immune system in response to viral infections. They help to inhibit viral replication within infected cells, reduce viral spread to neighboring cells, and enhance the immune response against the virus.
What are Proteins on the surface of viral particles called?
Proteins on the surface of viral particles are called viral glycoproteins or envelope proteins. These proteins play crucial roles in the virus's ability to attach to and enter host cells, as they often interact with specific receptors on the host cell surface. Additionally, they can elicit immune responses, making them important targets for vaccines and antiviral therapies.
What forces cells to make more viruses?
Cells are forced to make more viruses primarily through the process of viral replication. When a virus infects a host cell, it hijacks the cell's machinery, redirecting resources to produce viral components instead of the cell's normal functions. This manipulation often leads to the synthesis of viral proteins and genetic material, ultimately assembling new virus particles that are released to infect additional cells. The viral takeover of the host's cellular processes is essential for the virus's propagation and survival.
What does the outer coat of a virus do?
The outer coat of a virus, also known as the viral envelope or capsid, protects the genetic material of the virus and helps the virus attach to host cells. It may also contain proteins or glycoproteins that allow the virus to enter host cells and evade the immune system.
What are viral receptor sites?
Viral receptor sites are specific locations on the surface of host cells where viruses attach to facilitate entry. These sites typically consist of proteins or glycoproteins that the virus recognizes and binds to, allowing it to penetrate the cell membrane. The interaction between viral proteins and these receptor sites is crucial for the viral infection process, determining the host range and tissue tropism of the virus. Understanding these receptor interactions can aid in the development of antiviral therapies and vaccines.
Where does an enveloped virus synthesize its proteins?
Viral proteins are synthesized in the cytoplasm using the host's enzymes.
How does interferon help virus infected cell?
Interferons are signaling proteins that are released by cells in the immune system in response to viral infections. They help to inhibit viral replication within infected cells by activating mechanisms that make the cell less hospitable to the virus, such as degrading viral RNA and proteins. Interferons also help to stimulate immune responses that target and eliminate virus-infected cells.
How does mRNA lead to new viral particles?
mRNA is a "message" that is transcribed into proteins. The proteins form the capsid and other proteins the virus needs. The virus also needs genetic material so it can propagate in other cells. If a virus is a + strand ssRNA (coding strand, analagous to mRNA) just that RNA could lead to a viral infection.
What substance produced by virus infected cells diffuses to neighboring cells to help them fight a viral infection?
Interferons are substances produced by virus-infected cells that help neighboring cells fight viral infections. They trigger the immune response in nearby uninfected cells, stimulating them to produce antiviral proteins to combat the infection and prevent further spread of the virus.
How do interferons provide a defense against viruses?
When a cell is infected with virus it sends out an interferon to warn other cells around it to stop transcription and translation and to produce antiviral proteins
What is the function of the neck of a virus?
The neck of a virus, also known as the neck domain, plays a role in attaching the virus to host cells. It contains specific proteins or structures that interact with receptors on the surface of host cells, facilitating viral entry into the host cell. This attachment process is crucial for initiating viral infection.
Do Interferons work against viruses?
Yes, interferons are proteins produced by the immune system in response to viral infections. They help to inhibit viral replication within infected cells, reduce viral spread to neighboring cells, and enhance the immune response against the virus.
What are Proteins on the surface of viral particles called?
Proteins on the surface of viral particles are called viral glycoproteins or envelope proteins. These proteins play crucial roles in the virus's ability to attach to and enter host cells, as they often interact with specific receptors on the host cell surface. Additionally, they can elicit immune responses, making them important targets for vaccines and antiviral therapies.
What is viral specificity?
Viruses are highly specific and can only attack particular cells of a particular organism. Ex. Polio virus attacks nerve cells Mumps virus attacks salivary glands Hepatitis virus attacks liver cells
What enzyme in the human body is used to repel an invading virus?
The enzyme used to repel an invading virus in the human body is interferon. Interferons are proteins released by cells in response to viral infections, and they help to activate the immune system and inhibit viral replication.
What forces cells to make more viruses?
Cells are forced to make more viruses primarily through the process of viral replication. When a virus infects a host cell, it hijacks the cell's machinery, redirecting resources to produce viral components instead of the cell's normal functions. This manipulation often leads to the synthesis of viral proteins and genetic material, ultimately assembling new virus particles that are released to infect additional cells. The viral takeover of the host's cellular processes is essential for the virus's propagation and survival.
What does the outer coat of a virus do?
The outer coat of a virus, also known as the viral envelope or capsid, protects the genetic material of the virus and helps the virus attach to host cells. It may also contain proteins or glycoproteins that allow the virus to enter host cells and evade the immune system.
