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Proteins on the surface of viral particles are called viral glycoproteins or envelope proteins. These proteins play crucial roles in the virus's ability to attach to and enter host cells, as they often interact with specific receptors on the host cell surface. Additionally, they can elicit immune responses, making them important targets for vaccines and antiviral therapies.
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What are the viral proteins connected to on the surface of the monocyte?
Viral proteins are typically connected to specific receptors on the surface of monocytes. These receptors include molecules like Toll-like receptors (TLRs), CD4, and CD14, which recognize viral components and initiate immune responses in monocytes. This interaction helps the immune system detect and respond to viral infections.
How viral proteins synthesized if a virus don't have cells?
Viruses lack cellular machinery and cannot synthesize proteins on their own. Instead, they hijack the host cell's ribosomes and other cellular components upon infection. Once inside a host cell, the viral genome (either RNA or DNA) is transcribed and translated into viral proteins using the host's cellular machinery, enabling the virus to replicate and assemble new viral particles.
What does viral RNA manufacture?
proteins
What helps viruses into host cells?
Viruses enter host cells through various mechanisms, primarily utilizing specific receptors on the cell surface that match viral proteins. This interaction facilitates the fusion of the viral envelope with the host cell membrane or the uptake of the virus through endocytosis. Once inside, the virus can release its genetic material into the host cell, hijacking the cell's machinery to replicate and produce new viral particles.
What happens if viruses get their rna to the ribosomes?
If viruses manage to deliver their RNA to the host's ribosomes, the ribosomes will begin translating the viral RNA into proteins. These viral proteins can include structural components necessary for new virus particles and enzymes that aid in viral replication. This process effectively hijacks the host's cellular machinery, allowing the virus to replicate and propagate, ultimately leading to infection and potential cell death.
Describe the last stage before escape of a viral infection?
assembly of the virus particles and post-translational modification of the viral proteins.
What are the viral proteins connected to on the surface of the monocyte?
Viral proteins are typically connected to specific receptors on the surface of monocytes. These receptors include molecules like Toll-like receptors (TLRs), CD4, and CD14, which recognize viral components and initiate immune responses in monocytes. This interaction helps the immune system detect and respond to viral infections.
In what cycle of viral replication are the viral genes incorporated?
Viral genes are incorporated during the synthesis phase of the viral replication cycle, specifically during the replication and assembly stages. In this phase, the viral genome is replicated, and viral proteins are synthesized using the host cell's machinery. After replication, new viral particles are assembled, incorporating these newly synthesized viral genes and proteins, leading to the formation of infectious virions.
Describe the last stage before escape in viral replication?
The last stage before escape in viral replication is packaging of the newly replicated viral genome into newly formed viral particles or virions. This process involves assembling the viral genome with viral structural proteins to form mature virions that can infect new host cells. Once the virions are fully formed, they are released from the host cell, allowing them to spread and infect other cells.
How viral proteins synthesized if a virus don't have cells?
Viruses lack cellular machinery and cannot synthesize proteins on their own. Instead, they hijack the host cell's ribosomes and other cellular components upon infection. Once inside a host cell, the viral genome (either RNA or DNA) is transcribed and translated into viral proteins using the host's cellular machinery, enabling the virus to replicate and assemble new viral particles.
The number of virus particles circulating in an infected person's body is called what?
Viral load
How does mRNA lead to new viral particles?
mRNA is a "message" that is transcribed into proteins. The proteins form the capsid and other proteins the virus needs. The virus also needs genetic material so it can propagate in other cells. If a virus is a + strand ssRNA (coding strand, analagous to mRNA) just that RNA could lead to a viral infection.
Are viruses infection proteins?
Viruses are made up of proteins (capsid) and genetic material. Virus surface protein interact with its host cell receptors for the entry (1st step in infection). Viral particle can infect the host by inserting their genetic material in to the host genome. Host synthetic machinery produce viral proteins.
What does viral RNA manufacture?
proteins
What are the 5 steps in the lytic cycle of virus reproduction?
The lytic cycle of virus reproduction consists of five key steps: Attachment: The virus binds to a specific receptor on the host cell's surface. Penetration: The viral genetic material is injected into the host cell or the entire virus enters the cell. Biosynthesis: The host cell's machinery is hijacked to replicate the viral genome and produce viral proteins. Assembly: New viral particles are assembled from the replicated genetic material and proteins. Release: The host cell is lysed (broken open), releasing new viruses to infect other cells.
How does the virus make copies of itself?
Viruses make copies of themselves by hijacking host cells and using the cell's machinery to replicate their genetic material. The virus enters the host cell, releases its genetic material, and tricks the cell into making viral proteins and new viral particles. These new viral particles then go on to infect other cells and continue the cycle of replication.
What helps viruses into host cells?
Viruses enter host cells through various mechanisms, primarily utilizing specific receptors on the cell surface that match viral proteins. This interaction facilitates the fusion of the viral envelope with the host cell membrane or the uptake of the virus through endocytosis. Once inside, the virus can release its genetic material into the host cell, hijacking the cell's machinery to replicate and produce new viral particles.
