exact, whole number amount of energy needed to move an electron to a higher energy level
It is thought that at the very center of a black hole is a quantum singularity.
The Bohr model of the atom, introduced in 1913 by Niels Bohr, revolutionized scientific thought by introducing the concept of quantized energy levels for electrons, which explained the stability of atoms and the emission spectra of elements. This model shifted the understanding of atomic structure from classical physics to a framework that incorporated quantum mechanics, paving the way for future developments in quantum theory. It also laid the groundwork for more advanced models, such as quantum mechanical models, influencing fields like chemistry and solid-state physics. Overall, the Bohr model marked a significant turning point in the study of atomic behavior and interactions.
Erwin Schrödinger formulated the famous Schrödinger equation in 1926, which is a fundamental equation in quantum mechanics describing how the quantum state of a physical system changes in time. In 1935, he proposed the thought experiment known as "Schrödinger's cat" to illustrate the concept of superposition in quantum mechanics.
on monday Quantum mechanics is a set of principles underlying the most fundamental known description of all physical systems at the microscopic scale (at the atomic level). Notable amongst these principles are both a dual wave-like and particle-like behavior of matter and radiation, and prediction of probabilities in situations where classical physics predicts certainties. Classical physics can be derived as a good approximation to quantum physics, typically in circumstances with large numbers of particles. Thus quantum phenomena are particularly relevant in systems whose dimensions are close to the atomic scale, such as molecules, atoms, electrons, protons and other subatomic particles. Exceptions exist for certain systems which exhibit quantum mechanical effects on macroscopic scale; superfluidity is one well-known example. Quantum theory provides accurate descriptions for many previously unexplained phenomena such as black body radiation and stable electron orbits. It has also given insight into the workings of biological systems. The phenomena which occur in the Quantum realm explain such subjects as the protein structures that run between different internal systems, such as neurons. It also describes the process accomplished by smell receptors. It was previously thought that Quantum phenomena only occur in controlled environments, but new information has been collected since then.
In quantum mechanical theory, electron movement is described not as a definite path but as a probability distribution around the nucleus, often represented by orbitals. Electrons exist in discrete energy levels, and their exact position cannot be pinpointed; instead, we can only determine the likelihood of finding an electron in a specific region of space at a given time. This behavior is a fundamental aspect of quantum mechanics, reflecting the wave-particle duality of electrons.
"The quantum mechanical model of the atom" is a pretty vague phrase, but basically it can be thought of as the set of solutions to the Schroedinger equation HΨ = EΨ . (Yeah, that looks like the world's stupidest equation with solution H = E, but what's important to understand is that H isn't a variable or number, it's an operator. That means we don't get a single E for all Ψ, we get a collection of Es each corresponding to a different function Ψ.)
The spin quantum number of an electron describes the intrinsic angular momentum of the electron, which is a fundamental property of particles like electrons that is not related to their orbital motion. It is quantized in units of ħ/2, where ħ is the reduced Planck constant, and can have values of either +1/2 or -1/2.
Hidden variables are theoretical properties that are not directly observable but are thought to influence the outcomes of quantum mechanical experiments. They are proposed to provide a more deterministic explanation for the randomness observed in quantum mechanics. However, the existence and significance of hidden variables in determining outcomes of quantum experiments is still a topic of debate among physicists.
No. Electrons travel at will in Electron clouds, At first we thought they were in definite pathways, but they don't. Though Bohr's model is used so we can know roughly how many electrons are in an energy level.
A quantum field is a physical field defined in quantum field theory, which is a theoretical framework that combines quantum mechanics and special relativity. These fields describe the fundamental interactions between particles and can be thought of as excitations or vibrations in a field that permeates all of space.
Based on Heisenberg's uncertainty principle, there is no way possible to have a quantum number for position since the electron's second quantum number already gives you an exact value for its angular momentum.Bohr calculated the most probable radius of the electron cloud (which he mistakenly thought was an actual distance) getting the number 5.29X10-11 m.What I think the asker is speaking of is the quantum number that refers to energy level, n. Though not a physical distance it may be interpreted, using the Bohr model, how "far" away an electron is from the ground state, which some would believe (incorrectly) that this is a function of distance from the nucleus.
The specific orbital within a
It's the azimuthal quantum number. It specifies the angular momentum of the orbital, which can broadly speaking be thought of as its "shape." (The reason I'm putting that in quotation marks is that it's possible for two orbitals with the same azimuthal quantum number to appear rather different in overall shape.)
A quantum of electricity can be thought of as a single electron passing through a circuit. The energy of this single electron is typically measured in terms of electronvolts (eV), not watts. In practical terms, the energy of a single electron is around 1eV, which is equivalent to around 1.6 x 10^-19 joules. To convert this to watts, you would need to know the period of time over which this energy is transferred.
a frisbee flying thought the air is mechanical
"The quantum mechanical model of the atom" is a pretty vague phrase, but basically it can be thought of as the set of solutions to the Schroedinger equation HΨ = EΨ . (Yeah, that looks like the world's stupidest equation with solution H = E, but what's important to understand is that H isn't a variable or number, it's an operator. That means we don't get a single E for all Ψ, we get a collection of Es each corresponding to a different function Ψ.)