From outside in:
Cornea-->Anterior chamber and Pupil-->Lens-->Vitreous-->Retina (10 layers but simplified = ganglion-->bipolar-->photoreceptors (rods/cones)).
Note: anatomically the ganglion cells of the retina are reached first by light; however, transduction occurs in the opposite direction from photoreceptors to bipolar cells to ganglion cells (this answer is very oversimplified).
Cornea
The iris contracts to allow less light to enter the eye. This is controlled by the autonomic nervous system in response to changing light conditions, helping to regulate the amount of light reaching the retina.
The cornea is the outermost part of the eye that gathers and focuses light onto the lens. It plays a crucial role in the initial bending of light rays as they enter the eye.
You can't without knowing the source of the light as candelas have an allowance for human eye sensitivity built-in, and that varies from light source to light source. For any given light source you can find a lumens per watt figures and work back from that as a lumen is adjusted to human eye sensitivity as well.
The closer a light source is to your eye, the brighter it appears - intensity included. The closer you are to the source, the larger the angle of the cone; your pupil as the base and the source as the point. The larger the angle from the point, the more light entering your eye. Too close to the source and your retinal area becomes the limiting factor.
The cornea is the avascular structure of the eye that allows light to enter. It is a transparent outer covering that refracts light onto the lens.
Well, there are countless. In fact, any source of heat is also a source of light, although not always visible to the human eye. Nevertheless, a light bulb is a good example. Or the sun. Or any other star. Or, well, just name it...
Pupil
The pupil.
pupil
Light rays travel in straight lines from a light source, like a candle, and pass through the air until they reach your eye. Once the light rays enter your eye, they are focused by the lens onto the retina, where they stimulate the nerve cells to create an image.
Cornea
The cornea and the pupil are the parts of the eye that allow light to enter. The cornea acts as a protective outer layer that helps to focus light, while the pupil is the opening in the center of the iris that regulates the amount of light entering the eye.
Light enters the eye through the cornea, a clear covering over the front of the eye. In low light conditions, the pupil dilates to allow more light to enter the eye. Additionally, the retina contains specialized cells called rods which can detect light even in low lighting, contributing to night vision.
pupil
The light moves from the source in a straight line to an object and then moves into the back of your eye to your retina.
The iris has an opening, called the pupil, through which light enters the eye.