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Yes, the hydrogen ion (H⁺) concentration is higher outside the thylakoid membrane than inside during the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis. As electrons are transferred through the electron transport chain, protons are pumped from the stroma into the thylakoid lumen, creating a proton gradient. This gradient is then utilized by ATP synthase to produce ATP as protons flow back into the stroma.
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If there is more solute inside a membrane than outside solute particles will move across the membrane to the?
equalize the concentration on both sides of the membrane through passive diffusion.
How does the structure of the chloroplast enable it to build up a concentration gradient of protons?
The membrane inside the thylakoid of the chloroplast pumps H+ ions from the outside compartment (stroma) to the inside (lumen). This builds the gradient. The electrons are pumped using energy released from a high energy electron which was energized through light absorption. This electron comes from the breakdown of water.
What best describes the Na and K concentrations across a neuron's plasma membrane?
The Na concentration is higher outside of the neuron's plasma membrane, while the K concentration is higher inside the neuron's plasma membrane. This creates an electrochemical gradient that allows for the generation and transmission of electrical signals in neurons.
Why does the pH of the cell become more basic during photosynthesis?
During the light reactions of photosynthesis, protons (H+) are ferried into the thylakoid space using the energy from the excited electrons in Photosystems 680 and 700. H+ causes buildup of hydronium (H3O+) ions in water, which are acidic.
If substance A could defuse across the membrane what would happen to the concentration of A inside the cell and outside the cell?
If substance A can diffuse across the membrane, it will move from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration until equilibrium is reached. This means that the concentration of A inside the cell will increase while the concentration outside the cell will decrease, assuming that the initial concentration outside the cell is higher than inside. Eventually, the concentrations inside and outside the cell will become equal if no other factors interfere.
Is the stroma located within the thylakoid membrane?
No, the stroma is not located within the thylakoid membrane. The stroma is the fluid-filled space outside the thylakoid membranes in the chloroplast.
What happens when sucrose is taken up by active transport?
Outside the cell is high concentration of hydrogen ions and low concentration of sucrose. Inside, is the opposite, low concentration of hydrogen ions, and high concentrations of sucrose. Cells use ATP to pump a hydrogen ion across the cell membrane, against the concentration gradient, and when the hydrogen ion goes to re-enter, it goes through a Sucrose-proton cotransporter. This means that the hydrogen ion (proton) take a sucrose molecule with it when it goes though the membrane.
If there is more solute inside a membrane than outside solute particles will move across the membrane to the?
equalize the concentration on both sides of the membrane through passive diffusion.
How does the structure of the chloroplast enable it to build up a concentration gradient of protons?
The membrane inside the thylakoid of the chloroplast pumps H+ ions from the outside compartment (stroma) to the inside (lumen). This builds the gradient. The electrons are pumped using energy released from a high energy electron which was energized through light absorption. This electron comes from the breakdown of water.
What best describes the Na and K concentrations across a neuron's plasma membrane?
The Na concentration is higher outside of the neuron's plasma membrane, while the K concentration is higher inside the neuron's plasma membrane. This creates an electrochemical gradient that allows for the generation and transmission of electrical signals in neurons.
What takes place during osmosis?
During osmosis, water molecules move from an area of higher water concentration to an area of lower water concentration through a semi-permeable membrane. This process helps to equalize the concentration of solutes on both sides of the membrane.
Why does the pH of the cell become more basic during photosynthesis?
During the light reactions of photosynthesis, protons (H+) are ferried into the thylakoid space using the energy from the excited electrons in Photosystems 680 and 700. H+ causes buildup of hydronium (H3O+) ions in water, which are acidic.
If substance A could defuse across the membrane what would happen to the concentration of A inside the cell and outside the cell?
If substance A can diffuse across the membrane, it will move from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration until equilibrium is reached. This means that the concentration of A inside the cell will increase while the concentration outside the cell will decrease, assuming that the initial concentration outside the cell is higher than inside. Eventually, the concentrations inside and outside the cell will become equal if no other factors interfere.
Where is chlorophyll found found in the chloroplast?
the thylakoids
What would if the concentration of the starch inside of the membrane was greater than the starch concentration outside the membrane?
Assuming the starch can not penetrate the membrane, but the carrier liquid can, then the liquid would flow into the membrane until the two concentrations were the same. Or the starch would migrate out of the membrane until the concentrations were the same if it can.
What does diffusion across the cell membrane cause?
A change in concentration of solutes on either side of the membrane. Depending on the tonicity of the inner-membrane and the outside of the membrane, plasmolysis or cytolysis may occur.
When is a substance most likely to diffuse into a cell?
If there is the concentration of substance inside the cell is lesser than outside and cell membrane is permeable to the substance.
