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How does the structure of the chloroplast enable it to build up a concentration gradient of protons?
The membrane inside the thylakoid of the chloroplast pumps H+ ions from the outside compartment (stroma) to the inside (lumen). This builds the gradient. The electrons are pumped using energy released from a high energy electron which was energized through light absorption. This electron comes from the breakdown of water.
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Which type of cell transport is used by mitochondria to make hydrogen ions move against their concentration gradient?
Mitochondria utilize active transport to move hydrogen ions (protons) against their concentration gradient. This process primarily occurs during oxidative phosphorylation, where the electron transport chain pumps protons from the mitochondrial matrix into the intermembrane space. This creates a proton gradient, which is subsequently used by ATP synthase to generate ATP as protons flow back into the matrix.
The process that relies on a concentration gradient of protons?
The process that relies on a concentration gradient of protons is called oxidative phosphorylation. This process occurs in the mitochondria and involves the movement of protons across the inner mitochondrial membrane through ATP synthase, resulting in the production of ATP. The proton gradient is established through electron transport chain reactions during cellular respiration.
How is the proton concentration gradient created inside and outside of mitochondrial inner membrane?
The proton concentration gradient across the mitochondrial inner membrane is created by the electron transport chain (ETC) during oxidative phosphorylation. As electrons are transferred through the ETC, energy released from these reactions is used to pump protons (H⁺) from the mitochondrial matrix into the intermembrane space, resulting in a higher concentration of protons outside the matrix. This creates a proton motive force, which is essential for ATP synthesis as protons flow back into the matrix through ATP synthase.
What happens to the extra energy in excited electrons as they pass along an electron trandsport chain in a chloroplast?
The extra energy in the excited electrons is used to pump hydrogen ions across the thylakoid membrane, creating a proton gradient. This gradient is then used to drive ATP synthesis during the process of chemiosmosis, providing energy for cellular activities.
What excited electrons pump what ion to create a gradient?
Excited electrons in the electron transport chain of cellular respiration pump protons (H⁺ ions) across the inner mitochondrial membrane. This process creates a proton gradient, with a higher concentration of protons in the intermembrane space compared to the mitochondrial matrix. This electrochemical gradient is then used by ATP synthase to produce ATP during oxidative phosphorylation.
How does the structure of chloroplast enables it to build up a concentration gradient of protons?
The membrane inside the thylakoid of the chloroplast pumps H+ ions from the outside compartment (stroma) to the inside (lumen). This builds the gradient. The electrons are pumped using energy released from a high energy electron which was energized through light absorption. This electron comes from the breakdown of water.
Explain how the light reactions would be affected if there were no concentration gradient of protons across the thylakoid membrane?
The concentration gradient of protons is potential energy and is harnessed by an enzyme called ATP synthase. ATP synthase converts the potential energy of the proton concentration gradient into chemical energy stored in ATP (the process is called chemiosmosis). So without the protons, no ATP would be made, and therefore no light reaction would occur.
The actual transport of protons by the proton pump is mediated by a transmembrane protein which undergoes a change in its?
conformation during the transport process. This conformation change allows the protein to alternately bind and release protons on opposite sides of the membrane, resulting in the movement of protons across the membrane against their concentration gradient.
The generation of ATP by the movement of protons down their concentration gradient occurs in?
The generation of ATP by the movement of protons down their concentration gradient occurs in the electron transport chain during cellular respiration. This process is called chemiosmosis. The movement of protons creates a proton gradient across the inner mitochondrial membrane, which drives ATP synthesis by ATP synthase.
What is chemeosmosis?
phosphorylation of ADP to ATP occurring when protons that follow a concentration gradient contact ATP synthase.
Where in the chloroplast is the chemiosmotic gradient developed?
The chemiosmotic gradient is developed across the thylakoid membrane of the chloroplast. This is achieved through the transfer of protons from the stroma to the thylakoid lumen during the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis.
What protein complexes uses energy from a gradient of ion concentration to make ATP?
The ATP synthase complex in the mitochondria uses the energy from a gradient of protons (H+) to produce ATP. This process is known as oxidative phosphorylation, where the flow of protons down their concentration gradient drives the rotation of the ATP synthase complex, resulting in the synthesis of ATP.
The photosynthetic electron transport causes the accumulation of protons in which part of the chloroplast?
The accumulation of protons occurs in the thylakoid space within the chloroplast during photosynthetic electron transport. This forms a proton gradient that drives ATP synthesis during the process of photophosphorylation.
Which type of cell transport is used by mitochondria to make hydrogen ions move against their concentration gradient?
Mitochondria utilize active transport to move hydrogen ions (protons) against their concentration gradient. This process primarily occurs during oxidative phosphorylation, where the electron transport chain pumps protons from the mitochondrial matrix into the intermembrane space. This creates a proton gradient, which is subsequently used by ATP synthase to generate ATP as protons flow back into the matrix.
The process that relies on a concentration gradient of protons?
The process that relies on a concentration gradient of protons is called oxidative phosphorylation. This process occurs in the mitochondria and involves the movement of protons across the inner mitochondrial membrane through ATP synthase, resulting in the production of ATP. The proton gradient is established through electron transport chain reactions during cellular respiration.
How is proton gradient established?
A proton gradient is established with an electron transport chain, where energy from electrons is donated from an high-energy source (such as food) to provide intracellular enzymes the energy to pump protons across an impermeable membrane in order to form a region with a high concentration of protons. Hope this helps! :)
What is the primary objective of the electron transport chain?
To provide the motive force that pumps protons into the outer lumen of the mitochondria. Where the protons will fall down their concentration gradient through the ATP synthase and generate ATP.
