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The speed of light in a vacuum is absolute, unchangeable and can't be exceeded. The speed of light anywhere else depends on the material it moves through. c is indeed the c in e=mc2 - it is also the speed of light in vacuo. Any material has a speed of light associated with it, but that speed is not c, and that speed is neither a fundamental constant nor a universal speed limit. Photons are limited to that speed while in the material - that is what causes refraction. Material particles (those with mass) are not subject to the speed limit, any more than a rifle bullet is limited by the speed of sound. When a rifle bullet passes close to you, you hear a crack; this has the same origin as the sonic boom from an aircraft going supersonic. If a material particle that is travelling at close to c enters a material where the speed of light is less than the speed of the particle a shock wave is generated which is closely analagous to the sonic boom. There is no sound, just electromagnetic radiation, known as Cerenkov radiation. If you ever get a chance to observe a University reactor, almost all of which are water moderated, look down into the pool and admire the beautiful blue-green light surrounding the reactor core. That is Cerenkov radiation, caused by particles produced by the reactor going faster than the speed of light in water. As the particles bleed off energy into e-m radiation, they slow down. Once they are below the speed of light in water the Cerenkov production stops. It normally takes only a few feet.

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How light propagates through a material is given by the ratio of the speed of light in vacuum to the speed of light in that material. What is this ratio called?

That is called the dielectric constant, also the square root of the relative permittivity.


When the speed of light changes the frequencywavelegnth changes?

The constancy of the speed of light in vacuum is the keystone of relativity. Because of this, the frequency/wavelenth of the light changes relative to the observer when the source is approaching or receding from the observer. That's why there is red shift. Usually, this is explained by analogy to the Doppler effect with sound waves, where the speed of sound is constant and the frequency has to changes as the relative motion changes.


Can light exceed its normal speed?

No, according to current scientific understanding, light travels at a constant speed in a vacuum, known as the speed of light, which is approximately 299,792 kilometers per second. This speed is a fundamental constant of nature and cannot be exceeded by light or any other object.


When speed of the light will be minimum?

Speed of light is a constant factor. It is approximately 188,000 miles per second.


If light always travels at the same speed how can its color shift to red due to the Doppler effect?

As you mention light speed is constant. Light speed equals to its wavelength times its frequency. c = lambda * freq As the light source travels toward the observer, in such high speeds comparable to the light speed relative to the observer, the later emitted light waves pile up behind the earlier emitted light waves as they all travel together toward the observer, causing a visible shift (higher) in the frequency of the received waves as seen by the observer.

Related Questions

How does the speed of light change relative to a moving object?

The speed of light remains constant regardless of the motion of the observer or the source of light. This principle is known as the constant speed of light in a vacuum, as described by Einstein's theory of relativity.


Is length a constant?

No, length is a relative measure. If an object is travelling close to the speed of light it undergoes Lorenz contraction.


How light propagates through a material is given by the ratio of the speed of light in vacuum to the speed of light in that material. What is this ratio called?

That is called the dielectric constant, also the square root of the relative permittivity.


Why is the speed of light constant in all reference frames?

The speed of light is constant in all reference frames because it is a fundamental property of the universe according to Einstein's theory of relativity. This means that no matter how fast an observer is moving or how they are moving relative to the source of light, they will always measure the speed of light to be the same value.


What is the significance of the constant speed of light in the theory of relativity?

The constant speed of light in the theory of relativity is significant because it serves as a fundamental constant that underpins the theory. It implies that the speed of light is the same for all observers, regardless of their relative motion. This principle leads to the concepts of time dilation and length contraction, which are key components of the theory of relativity.


If time and distance approach zero relative to an observer as one approaches light speed and light travels at light speed wouldn't an observer see light going faster than it is?

time dilates, space contracts, speed of light holds constant.


Why use constants?

Constant is the speed of light and as the speed of light cannot change it is 'constant'


What is the significance of the relative speed of light in the theory of special relativity?

The significance of the relative speed of light in the theory of special relativity is that it serves as a universal constant, meaning that the speed of light is the same for all observers regardless of their relative motion. This principle leads to the concept of time dilation and length contraction, which are fundamental aspects of special relativity that explain how time and space are perceived differently by observers in motion relative to each other.


What does special relativity say about the speed of light?

The speed of light is constant.


When the speed of light changes the frequencywavelegnth changes?

The constancy of the speed of light in vacuum is the keystone of relativity. Because of this, the frequency/wavelenth of the light changes relative to the observer when the source is approaching or receding from the observer. That's why there is red shift. Usually, this is explained by analogy to the Doppler effect with sound waves, where the speed of sound is constant and the frequency has to changes as the relative motion changes.


Can light exceed its normal speed?

No, according to current scientific understanding, light travels at a constant speed in a vacuum, known as the speed of light, which is approximately 299,792 kilometers per second. This speed is a fundamental constant of nature and cannot be exceeded by light or any other object.


What is speed that does not change - called?

constant