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A straight chain hydrocarbon has two carbons that are bonded to only one other carbon (the terminal carbons). A branched chain hydrocarbon has more than two carbons that are bonded to only one other carbon (the terminal carbons at the ends of each branch). A cycloalkane (cyclic hydrocarbon) has no carbons that are bonded to only one carbon - the chain is hooked back to itself.
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What advantage does the branched-chain structure of glycogen provide compared with a straight chain of glucose?
There are several advantages because the glycogen molecule is branched. It is a better storage facility for glucose because the branches make it more soluble, and the glycogen is also synthesized more quickly.
What does a hydrocarbon chain look like?
A hydrocarbon chain is composed of carbon and hydrogen atoms linked together in a linear structure. It can vary in length and complexity, with simple chains being straight while more complex chains may be branched or cyclic. The general formula for a hydrocarbon chain is CnH2n+2, where n represents the number of carbon atoms in the chain.
What is the minimum number of carbons necessary to form a hydrocarbon branched structure?
4
Why does branched-alkanes produce less knocking?
Branched alkanes produce less knocking compared to straight-chain alkanes because their molecular structure allows for more efficient combustion within the engine. The branching reduces the likelihood of premature ignition, as branched alkanes have higher octane ratings, meaning they can withstand greater pressure and temperature before igniting. This leads to smoother combustion and less engine knock, enhancing performance and efficiency. Additionally, the irregular shape of branched alkanes disrupts the formation of shock waves that contribute to knocking.
Is kerosene saurated?
Kerosene is saturated, because it only contains single carbon-carbon covalent bonds. Kerosene is actually a mixture of more than one straight-chain or branched alkane hydrocarbons, but none of them feature double or triple bonds, so the Lewis structure indicates it is saturated.
What is an alkane with one or more attached alkyl groups?
An alkane with one or more attached alkyl groups is called a branched alkane. Branched alkanes have alkyl groups (such as methyl, ethyl, etc.) branching off the main carbon chain, which can affect their physical and chemical properties compared to straight-chain alkanes.
Is a short-chain hydrocarbon more viscous than a long chain hydrocarbon?
Typically the shorter the carbon chain, the LESS viscous the hydrocarbon. The longer the chain, the MORE viscous the hydrocarbon. For example consider the viscosity and molecular size in: Gasoline < Diesel < Motor Oil < Tar Viscosity increases with the molecular size and length of hydrocarbon chain.
What are the characteristics of branched polymers and how do they differ from linear polymers?
Branched polymers have side chains branching off from the main polymer chain, giving them a more complex structure. This branching increases their flexibility and reduces their crystallinity compared to linear polymers, which have a straight chain structure. Branched polymers also have lower viscosity and higher elasticity than linear polymers.
What advantage does the branched-chain structure of glycogen provide compared with a straight chain of glucose?
There are several advantages because the glycogen molecule is branched. It is a better storage facility for glucose because the branches make it more soluble, and the glycogen is also synthesized more quickly.
What metabolic distinction is associated with branched chain amino acids as compared to other essential amino acids?
The branched amino acids is used by the organism in protein where the polypeptide chain should be branched, other than that i think they're more or less just involved in transamination reaction and aminoacid-biosynthesis
What does a hydrocarbon chain look like?
A hydrocarbon chain is composed of carbon and hydrogen atoms linked together in a linear structure. It can vary in length and complexity, with simple chains being straight while more complex chains may be branched or cyclic. The general formula for a hydrocarbon chain is CnH2n+2, where n represents the number of carbon atoms in the chain.
What is a branched hydrocarbon?
Branched hydrocarbons are structural isomers, this means that they have the same chemical formulas but are in a different configuration. For example take butane with its formula C4H10 this also be written as CH3CH2CH2CH3 this is called the structural formula. You could use this to draw out and you would have the structure of butane. And this configuration is simply called a straight chain due to the way it looks. However with a branched chain it doesn't look like a straight chain, it would look like a straight chain with a 'branch' off it. This is because a carbon atom has moved its location. But the moving of the carbon does not effect how many carbons there are overall. So to draw a branched chain you would use this structural formula;H CH3CH(CH3)2 - the brackets mean that there are two lots of them coming of the CH group. This is called iso-butane or 2-methlypropane. This is a branched chain, and if you draw the butane out then drawn iso-butane next to it you will see where they get the names from. As well as the structure being different, they have different properties such as boiling point, this is because branched chains do not 'pack' as tightly together as straight chains, think about a pack of cards for the straight chains - they lie flush together with not real space this is what is meant by packing. However with the branch chains they don't pack as neatly together so imagine some of the cards are folded and prop the others up so they don't fit snugly. Because of this they don't have as much attraction to each other through the Van der Waals, and have a lower attraction to each other. This means that when heat is applied they can't hold together as well thus leading to a lower boiling point.
What is the minimum number of carbons necessary to form a hydrocarbon branched structure?
4
Which is more viscous water or ethano'l why?
Ethanol is more viscous than water because it has stronger intermolecular forces due to the presence of a longer carbon chain in its molecule. These stronger forces make it more resistant to flow, resulting in higher viscosity compared to water.
What is the molecular structure of 3,4-dimethylhexane and how does it contribute to its chemical properties?
The molecular structure of 3,4-dimethylhexane consists of a chain of six carbon atoms with two methyl groups attached at the 3rd and 4th positions. This structure results in a branched molecule with a more compact shape compared to straight-chain hexane. The branching reduces intermolecular forces, leading to lower boiling points and higher volatility. Additionally, the branching increases the molecule's resistance to oxidation and combustion, making it more stable and less reactive compared to straight-chain alkanes.
What are the different kinds of carbon chains that are found in hydrocarbons?
Hydrocarbons are molecules comprised of only carbon and hydrogen. They can be linear like hexane They can be branched like 3-Methylpentane They can be circular like cyclohexane
Amylopectin has what characteristics?
Amylopectin is a branched-chain polymer of glucose that is a component of starch, characterized by frequent branching points that create a highly branched structure. It can be broken down into glucose units for energy more quickly than amylose due to its branched structure. Amylopectin is less prone to retrogradation compared to amylose, making it more suitable for applications where a gel-like consistency is desired.
