outer shell electrons are knows as Valence Electrons
This is essentially correct. The electrons and protons have equal but opposite charges, and the fundamental law of electrostatics is that opposite charges attract and like charges repel. The positive charge on the nucleus attracts and "holds" the electrons in orbit about the nucleus. It is electromagnetics that holds the electrons in orbit about that nucleus. Answer2: The attraction of the positive nucleus attracts the electrons to the nucleus by a centripetal force vp/r where v= Z alpha c. The electrons exeert a centrifugal force cDEL.P = -cp/r cos(P). When the orbit is stable the centripetal force equals the centrifugal force vp/r = cp/r cos(P) and the electrons do not fall into the nucleus. The balance gives v/c = cos(P), the redshift. This is the result of the Quaternion Energy W = -vh/r + cP, the atom has a scalar energy -vh/r and a vector energy cmV=cP, the Momentum vector energy. The mystery of what holds the electron from falling into the nucleus is the Divergence of the vector energy. Physics has come to grips with the fact that energy is a Quaternion quantity with a vector energy and the Divergence of the vector energy creates the centrifugal force, the cosmological constant force and the Dark Energy.
vector
Since torque is a force, and as such has a direction, it is a vector.
Viscosity, velocity, vector and voltage, vertebrate, vacuum, vaccination, valence, vascular, vaporize, variance, vortex, vellus, volume, vomer
To add two vectors, place the tail of the second vector at the head of the first vector. The sum of the two vectors is the vector that connects the tail of the first vector to the head of the second vector. Calculate its magnitude and direction if needed.
Yes, a vector can be represented in terms of a unit vector which is in the same direction as the vector. it will be the unit vector in the direction of the vector times the magnitude of the vector.
This is essentially correct. The electrons and protons have equal but opposite charges, and the fundamental law of electrostatics is that opposite charges attract and like charges repel. The positive charge on the nucleus attracts and "holds" the electrons in orbit about the nucleus. It is electromagnetics that holds the electrons in orbit about that nucleus. Answer2: The attraction of the positive nucleus attracts the electrons to the nucleus by a centripetal force vp/r where v= Z alpha c. The electrons exeert a centrifugal force cDEL.P = -cp/r cos(P). When the orbit is stable the centripetal force equals the centrifugal force vp/r = cp/r cos(P) and the electrons do not fall into the nucleus. The balance gives v/c = cos(P), the redshift. This is the result of the Quaternion Energy W = -vh/r + cP, the atom has a scalar energy -vh/r and a vector energy cmV=cP, the Momentum vector energy. The mystery of what holds the electron from falling into the nucleus is the Divergence of the vector energy. Physics has come to grips with the fact that energy is a Quaternion quantity with a vector energy and the Divergence of the vector energy creates the centrifugal force, the cosmological constant force and the Dark Energy.
NULL VECTOR::::null vector is avector of zero magnitude and arbitrary direction the sum of a vector and its negative vector is a null vector...
90 degrees
To cause electrons to move through a conductor, an electric field is required. This field creates a force that pushes the electrons along the conductor. The strength of the force is determined by the voltage applied across the conductor.
The zero vector is both parallel and perpendicular to any other vector. V.0 = 0 means zero vector is perpendicular to V and Vx0 = 0 means zero vector is parallel to V.
reverse process of vector addition is vector resolution.
Resultant vector or effective vector
Vector spaces can be formed of vector subspaces.
The electron wave vector is important in quantum mechanics because it describes the momentum and direction of an electron's wave function. This helps us understand the behavior of electrons in atoms and molecules, and is crucial for predicting their properties and interactions.
decomposition of a vector into its components is called resolution of vector
A null vector has no magnitude, a negative vector does have a magnitude but it is in the direction opposite to that of the reference vector.