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Cox-2 is an enzyme that plays a role in inflammation and pain. It is found in various body organs, including the kidneys where it helps regulate blood flow, in the brain where it is involved in pain processing, and in the gastrointestinal tract where it can cause ulcers and bleeding when overactivated. Inhibition of Cox-2 is a common strategy in treating inflammation and pain conditions.
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What is cox1 and cox2 and cox3?
Cox1, Cox2, and Cox3 refer to different isoforms of cyclooxygenase enzymes, which are involved in the conversion of arachidonic acid to prostaglandins, compounds that mediate inflammation and pain. Cox1 (cyclooxygenase-1) is constitutively expressed and plays a key role in maintaining normal physiological functions, such as gastric protection and platelet aggregation. Cox2 (cyclooxygenase-2) is inducible and associated with inflammation and pain, making it a target for anti-inflammatory drugs. Cox3 is a less well-defined isoform, primarily studied in the context of the central nervous system, and is thought to be involved in pain perception but is less understood compared to Cox1 and Cox2.
Are celecoxib and Ibuprofen both COX 2 inhibitors?
celecoxib is a preferential COX 2 inhibitor,it selectively inhibit the COX2 nzyme with out intefering with th COX 1 enzyme.ibuprofen inhibits both enzyme celecoxib is a preferential COX 2 inhibitor,it selectively inhibit the COX2 nzyme with out intefering with th COX 1 enzyme.ibuprofen inhibits both enzyme
What is the difference between non-selective COX inhibitor and Cox 2 inhibitors?
non selective cox inhibitor .. inhibit both type of cox selective cox2 inhibitors ... inhibit only cox 2 !! the difference between them . is the action of cox 1 or 2 or both
Aspirin a prodrug?
No it's not a prodrug it works by acetylating the serine in the 530 position of COX and is then converted to salicylic acid which is inactive. It acts by preventing Arachadonic acid (AA) from entering the active site and forming PGG2, This is also true for COX2 even though it does allow AA to pass it doesn't form PGG2 instead forming 15-R-HETE.
Examples of sulfonamides?
Commonly referred to as sulfa drugs. These contain "sulfonamide" group in their structure. Classes of drugs include; 1. Antibiotics like sulfadiazine, trimethoprim, sulfasalazine... 2. Antidiabetic drugs like glipizide, glimepiride, gliclazide... (=sulfonylureas) 3. Thiazide diuretics like hydrochlorthiazide, indapamide, metalozone... 4. Loop diuretics like frusemide, torsemide,... 5. Carbonic anhydrase inhibitor like acetazolamide... 6. COX2 inhibitors like celecoxib... Sulfa drugs are notorious for causing reactions which can even be fatal...
What is better for bleeding stomach uclers Tylenol or advil?
If one is having a bleeding ulcer it is advised not to take ANY NSAIDs ;NON STEROIDAL ANTI INFLAMMATORY...ie: Advil.YOU also AVOID ASPIRIN as it causes a thinning of the blood.You don't want to bleed to death through your stomach....do you?If one is having bleeding it is advised to seek direct counsel from your care provider for what medication is best suited to your situation.Yet is is standard medical protocol to avoid all NSAIDS with internal bleeding due to the mechanism of the NSAIDS being in the stomach and the COX2 enzyme.
How does a painkiller work?
There are two main types: non-narcotic analgesics for mild pain, and narcotic analgesics for severe pain. NSAIDS- Non Sterodial anti-inflammatory drugs, like aspirin, ibuproufen, naproxen sodium work with exymes to decrease or inhibit prostaglandins. Tylonel does not work this way. It is NOT an anti-inflammatory. and some think a different type of enzyme which hasn't been discovered yet works with Tylenol. Narcotics are selective central nervous system depressants.
Give your dog naproxen sodium?
You should NEVER give your pet a "NSAID" type drug unless directed to do so by your veterinarian. NSAID's include aspirin, naproxen (Aleve), acetaminophen (Tylenol) and ibuprofen (Advil). These drugs can have severe and possibly fatal side effects in dogs and cats. The severity of the toxicity is dependant upon which drug is given, the dose, and if the pet has any other medical problems. There are several NSAID's approved and labeled for veterinary use, so giving the human drugs is not necessary and can be very dangerous. Check out the FDA's website at http://www.fda.gov/AnimalVeterinary/SafetyHealth/ProductSafetyInformation/ucm055434.htm for additional information. ***Acetaminophen or Tylenol is NOT an NSAIDAcetaminophen shares the mechanism of action, inhibition of the COX2 enzyme, and also the same potential for toxicity in pets as the other drugs listed. Although it is often not classed with the NSAIDS, some experts still consider it in this category (^ Page 310 in: Hillier, Keith; Waller, Derek J.; Renwick, Andrew (2001). Medical pharmacology and therapeutics. Philadelphia: W.B. Saunders). More importantly, when giving advice to pet owners I find that it is better to simplify the matter as I did in the original answer, and leave the chemistry out. Acetaminophen is extremely toxic to cats, and it would be best to avoid a cat's owner from concluding "It's not an NSAID so it must be OK".
Can Aspirin and Ibuprofin give you a stomach ulcer?
Ideally no, if you have a previous history of gastric or duodenal ulcer. Ibuprofen and related analgesics act by inhibiting an enzyme called COX2 (cyclo oxygenase 2). This enzyme produces prostaglandins, which are essential for maintaining the gastric/duodenal mucosa. Prostaglandins also maintain blood circulation to the epithelial (membrane) lining. Thus, inhibition of prostaglandins may be ominous, particularly in the vulnerable.
How does ibuprofen work?
Ibuprofen and ArthritisIbuprofin is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID), like aspirin, that is used to reduce the inflammation that causes joint pain, stiffness, and swelling. Ibuprofen is in a class of drugs called Nonsteroidal AntiInflammatory Drugs (NSAIDS). The NSAID class includes aspirin, naprosyn (Alleve, and many others. Ibuprofen is a nonspecific cycloxygenase inhibitor. Cyclooxygenase is an enzyme that changes a specific fatty molecule (arachidonic acid) into other chemicals (prostaglandins) that cause inflammation. NSAIDS block this conversion and thereby decrease inflammation. Ibuprofen is nonspecific, blocking both of the two types of cyclooxygenase, called COX1 and and COX2. Because it blocks COX1, ibuprofen is damaging to the stomach, as is aspirin.More input from others:My GP prescribed 400mg every 6 hours before my appointment with a bone specialist. It greatly helped the burning pain I've been having. (The bone scan I was given showed that my back was inflamed. This has decreased greatly since taking the ibuprofin treatment.)
