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SONAR is an application based on the speed of sound. Sound waves are emitted, they bounce off object and some are captured by a receiver. The time taken between emitting the sound and receiving it, multiplied by the speed of sound in that medium, gives the distance that the sound has travelled. The distance to the object can therefore be calculated. If two or three receivers are used then the location of the object can be identified in a 2-dimensional plane or 3-d space.

Some species of bats, whales, dolphins are examples of animals that use echo-location.

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