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The breakdown of fats, specifically triglycerides, provides the largest number of ATP per molecule. When fatty acids undergo beta-oxidation, they yield significantly more acetyl-CoA compared to carbohydrates or proteins, leading to a greater production of ATP during the subsequent citric acid cycle and oxidative phosphorylation. In contrast, carbohydrates yield fewer ATP per molecule due to their simpler structure and metabolic pathways. Thus, fats are the most efficient macromolecule for ATP production.

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