The hot rock that erupts through openings in Earth's surface is known as magma when it is below the surface and lava once it reaches the surface. This process occurs during volcanic eruptions, where pressure builds up within the Earth's crust and forces the molten rock to escape. The eruptions can vary in intensity, producing various forms of volcanic activity, including explosive blasts or gentle flows of lava. Over time, these eruptions can build up volcanic landforms such as mountains and islands.
Eruption
vent a+
An opening in the Earth's crust through which volcanic materials pass to the Earth's surface is called a volcanic vent. Magma from beneath the Earth's surface is forced upwards through these vents, often resulting in volcanic eruptions.
There are almost no extrusive rocks on the earths surface because they are all under the earths surface. They are mainly lower than the earths surface.
This describes a volcano.
Eruption
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An earthquake is started when two plates (which lie under the Earths surface) rub together this creates movement which then sometimes pulls/pushes at the earths surface and creates giant cracks in the earths surface... and that is how an earthquake is started.
Volcano or shield volcano.
Gravity.
the mantle
Fumaroles are fissures through which water and water vapor escape from the Earth's surface.
An opening in the Earth's crust through which volcanic materials pass to the Earth's surface is called a volcanic vent. Magma from beneath the Earth's surface is forced upwards through these vents, often resulting in volcanic eruptions.
Through cracks, holes or vents in the earths crust.
vent a+
100
Seismic waves are the types of waves that can travel through the Earth and along its surface. There are two main types of seismic waves: body waves (such as primary and secondary waves) that travel through the Earth's interior, and surface waves (such as Love and Rayleigh waves) that travel along the Earth's surface.