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RNA contains the sugar ribose in its sugar phosphate backbone while DNA contains deoxyribose in its sugar phosphate backbone. Deoxyribose differs from ribose in that deoxyribose lacks a hydroxyl group (OH) in its 2' position while ribose does not. Also, RNA contains the nucleotide Uracil and DNA contains the nucleotide Thymine. Uracil is just a methylated thymine, the importance of this difference is that the nucleotide Cytosine can easily convert to Uracil while it can't convert to Thymine. This helps to maintain the integrity of the information encoded by DNA and also makes for easier repair in DNA if an error is encountered during replication. Lastly, DNA is a double helix of two strands oriented in a right hand twisted fashion while RNA is a single stranded molecule that is transcribed from DNA.

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