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The genome contains several genes, all of which do not have to be switched on simultaneously. When a cell has to become specialized, it has to switch on certain genes and switch off the transcription of others. This mechanism of keeping a check on the genes being expressed at any point of time is referred to as gene regulation. A neuron, for example, will have a certain set of genes switched on, which is different from the genes switched on my a sarcomere (muscle cell).

Gene expression dictates the properties and characteristics of specialized cells in the body

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