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High ionization energy is primarily caused by a strong effective nuclear charge, which occurs when there are many protons in the nucleus attracting electrons more strongly. Additionally, a smaller atomic radius leads to electrons being closer to the nucleus, increasing the energy required to remove them. Electrons in a stable, filled subshell configuration also contribute to higher ionization energies, as they are more tightly bound. Lastly, increased electron shielding by inner electrons can reduce ionization energy, making elements with fewer inner electrons more likely to exhibit high ionization energies.

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3d ago

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The first ionization energy of a nonmetal is typically high since nonmetals have a strong attraction for electrons due to their high electronegativity. Nonmetals tend to gain electrons to achieve a stable electron configuration, making it energetically unfavorable to remove an electron, resulting in a high ionization energy.


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